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目的运用无偏体视学方法定量研究慢性不可预见性应激(CUS)所致的抑郁模型大鼠大脑白质及白质内有髓神经纤维的改变及跑步锻炼对其改变的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠,适应环境1w,筛选出符合条件的40只大鼠将其随机分为空白对照组(10只)和抑郁模型组(30只)。从第2w开始模型组动物采用慢性不可预见性应激的方法建立抑郁症大鼠模型,为期4w。选取建模成功的大鼠20只,随机等分为模型对照组和模型跑步组,模型跑步组大鼠进行4w的跑步锻炼。采用糖水偏好试验、强迫游泳试验及旷场试验进行行为学检测;利用体视学方法测定白质的总体积及白质内有髓神经纤维的总长度。结果应激第4w末,与空白对照组相比,抑郁模型组大鼠体重、糖水偏好百分比、旷场得分均降低,强迫游泳不动时间增加,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);跑步锻炼四周后,模型跑步组糖水偏好百分比显著性高于模型对照组(P<0.05)。模型对照组大鼠大脑白质总体积、有髓神经纤维总长度均显著性低于空白对照组(P<0.01);与模型对照组相比,模型跑步组大鼠大脑白质总体积及有髓神经纤维总长度显著性增加(P<0.05);与空白对照组相比,模型跑步组大鼠大脑白质总体积无显著性差异(P>0.05),白质内有髓神经纤维总长度显著性降低(P<0.05)。结论跑步锻炼对抑郁症模型大鼠大脑白质内有髓神经纤维改变具有积极保护作用,这可能是跑步锻炼治疗抑郁症的重要结构基础之一。
Objective To evaluate the effects of treadmill exercise on changes of myelinated nerve fibers in the white matter and white matter of the depression model rats induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) using unbiased visual methods. Methods Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group (n = 10) and depression model group (n = 30). From 2w onwards, model rats were used to establish a rat model of depression with chronic unpredictable stress for 4 weeks. Twenty rats were selected and randomly divided into model control group and model running group. The model running group rats were subjected to 4w running exercise. Glyphosate preference test, forced swimming test and open field test were used for behavioral testing. The total volume of white matter and the total length of myelinated nerve fibers in white matter were determined by stereological methods. Results At the end of 4w stress, compared with the blank control group, the body weight, percentage of sugar preference and open field scores of depression model group were decreased, forced swimming time was increased, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05) After exercise for 4 weeks, the percent preference of syrup in model running group was significantly higher than that in model control group (P <0.05). Compared with the model control group, the total volume of white matter and the total length of myelinated nerve fibers in the model control group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group (P <0.01) (P <0.05). Compared with the blank control group, there was no significant difference in the total volume of white matter in the model running group (P> 0.05), and the total length of myelinated nerve fibers in the white matter was significantly decreased P <0.05). Conclusions Running exercise has a positive protective effect on myelinated nerve fibers in the white matter of the rat model of depression, which may be one of the important structural basis of running exercise in the treatment of depression.