我完全意识到了,今天对马克思主义的基本问题进行理论讨论,不论是对广大作者还是对广大读者,都是一件多余的事情,或者往好了说,是不合时宜的。但我还是不能苟同这种占主导地位的思想趋向。 假如十年前有一位苏联公民或外国苏联学专家推测说:不久,马克思、恩格斯和列宁在我国将被宣布为乌托邦主义者(甚或骗子),而他们的理论则被宣布为极端残酷的极权制度的赞歌,那么人们就会嘲笑这个有远见卓识的人,说他是个毫无现实感的家伙。然而这件事却发生了,而且是发生在一个马克思主义不仅曾经是国家官方意识形态,而且几乎是民众信仰的国家。但这绝非偶然。以往发生的事情,看起来好象是马克思主义和整个社会主义思想体系全面崩溃,尽管在资本主义国家里,社会民主党不仅依然存在,而且不时执掌政权;当然,它们早已不再打着马克思主义的旗号,不过它们毕竟还承认其与马克思和恩格斯理论遗产的历史联系。我之所以把业已形成的局面小心翼翼地形容为:马克思主义的危机和整个社会主义思想体系的危机,其原因即在于此。 I am fully aware that today’s theoretical discussion of the basic Marxist issues is an unnecessary matter to the vast majority of the readers or to the vast readership. Or, to the best of my opinion, it is outdated. But I still can not agree with this dominant trend of thought. If a Soviet citizen or foreign Soviet scientist ten years ago speculated that soon Marx, Engels and Lenin would be declared utopian (or even liar) in our country and their theory declared as an extremely cruel totalitarian regime Of the hymn, then people will laugh at this visionary who said he was a real guy. However, this incident took place and took place in a country where Marxism was not only the official state ideology of the country but also almost the belief of the people. But this is by no means accidental. What happened in the past may seem to be a complete collapse of Marxism and the entire system of socialist ideology. Although social democracies in the capitalist countries are not only still in existence but also in power from time to time; of course they have ceased to be Marxist However, they also, after all, acknowledge their historic ties with the theoretical legacy of Marx and Engels. The reason why I have taken shape has been carefully described as that: the crisis in Marxism and the crisis in the socialist ideological system as a whole lie in this.