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苏联库尔斯克磁力异常区(KMA)铁矿石开采主要采用露天采矿法。能生产1亿t/a铁矿石的这些露天矿使KMA区成为世界上最大的铁矿区。目前该区有三个生产着的特大型露天矿山:列别金、米哈伊洛夫和斯托伊连。这些露天矿占地13km~2,深230m。采矿作业经常面临被来自覆盖矿体的含水层的地下水淹没的问题。目前流入这三个采矿场的地下水流量约1.1亿m~3/a,由此显见问题之大。在这样的条件下,安全作业和采场边帮稳定性是十分重要的。使用适当的防渗帷幕(seepage barriers)和疏干系统已经非常有效地达到了这一目的。在KMA地下水防治系统中所采取的最重要的工程措施是:一般的深井降水孔;上向放水孔,使其地下水流入位于采场周边的20～30km长的地下巷道;穿过边帮打的水平疏干孔以及水平疏水沟。本文介绍在KMA区为控制地下水、保护矿山免遭淹没而制定的采矿工艺和工程技术。
Soviet Union Kursk magnetic anomaly area (KMA) iron ore mining mainly using opencast mining method. These opencast mines, which produce 100 million t / y of iron ore, make KMA the largest iron ore district in the world. There are currently three large-scale open pit mines in the area: Lebanon, Mikhailov and Stojan. The open pit covers an area of 13km ~ 2, deep 230m. Mining operations are often exposed to flooding by groundwater from aquifers that cover the ore body. At present, the flow of groundwater flowing into the three mining sites is about 110 million m 3 / a, which is obviously a big problem. Under such conditions, it is very important for safety operations and stope stability. This has been achieved very effectively using the appropriate seepage barriers and drainage systems. The most important engineering measures taken in the KMA groundwater prevention and control system are: general deep well dewatering holes; uphole drain holes that allow groundwater to flow into underground tunnels 20 to 30 km long around the stope; Horizontal drain hole and horizontal drain. This article describes the mining and engineering techniques developed in KMA to control groundwater and protect the mine from inundation.