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糖皮质激素为维持生命所必需,这类激素对机体的作用包括3个方面,即对物质代谢的作用;对各器官系统的影响;在应激反应中的作用。超过生理需要量的糖皮质激素可发挥多种药理作用,主要是抗炎、抗过敏作用,可用来治疗许多疾病。现分述如下。对物质代谢的作用 (一)糖代谢:皮质醇是机体维持正常糖代谢所必需。它的主要作用是促进糖原异生,即由氨基酸合成碳水化合物。糖原异生作用主要在肝中进行,肾脏和肠上皮组织也有轻微的糖原异生作用。实验证明,注射糖皮质激素后数小时内,肝内促进糖原异生的酶(如酪氨酸氨基转移酶,色氨酸吡咯分解酶、谷丙转氨酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶等)含量增多,这可能是激素的直接作用,也可能是由于酶的底物
Glucocorticoids are necessary for the maintenance of life. The effects of these hormones on the body include three aspects: the effect on the metabolism of the substance; the effect on the various organ systems; and the role in the stress response. Glucocorticoids that exceed the physiological requirements can exert a variety of pharmacological effects, mainly anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects and can be used to treat many diseases. Now is as follows. The role of material metabolism (A) of glucose metabolism: Cortisol is the body to maintain normal glucose metabolism necessary. Its main role is to promote gluconeogenesis, that is, amino acids from the synthesis of carbohydrates. Heterogenous glycogen is mainly carried out in the liver, kidney and intestinal epithelial tissue also have a slight effect of gluconeogenesis. Experiments show that within a few hours after the injection of glucocorticoid, the liver promote gluconeogenesis enzymes (such as tyrosine aminotransferase, tryptophan pyrolytic enzyme, alanine aminotransferase, glucose-6-phosphatase, etc.) content Increased, this may be a direct role of hormones, may also be due to enzyme substrate