近来,对早期和晚期癌症采用手术,放疗、化疗和免疫疗法等多种治疗方法。作者温习文献并根据其所在的 Lahey 医院的经验,就实体瘤化疗近况作如下概述。胃肠道癌瘤食道:尽管根治性切除技术的改进,食道鳞状细胞癌的死亡率仍然很高,五年生存率罕有超过5%。以前,放疗仅被作为姑息疗法,但一些材料表明应用高电压放疗五年生存率与手术疗法相仿。抗肿瘤药对食道癌的效应较低,如氟脲嘧啶、氨甲喋呤、丝裂霉素 C 以及最近的博 Recently, surgery and radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy have been used for early and late stage cancers. The author reviewed the literature and, based on his experience at the Lahey Hospital, outlined the status of solid tumor chemotherapy as follows. Gastrointestinal Cancer Tumors Esophagus: In spite of the improvement of radical resection techniques, the mortality rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is still very high, and the five-year survival rate rarely exceeds 5%. Previously, radiotherapy was only used as palliative therapy, but some materials showed that the application of high-voltage radiotherapy for five-year survival rate is similar to surgical therapy. Antitumor drugs have lower effects on esophageal cancer, such as fluorouracil, methotrexate, mitomycin C, and recent Bo