现代文明正日益加重人类的心理疾患。通过对艺术的观照来拯救心灵是现代人迫切需要的生存技巧。陀斯妥耶夫斯基与卡夫卡是最早和最突出关注这个问题的作家。相似的生存状态导致他们的创作具有明显的共性:对惩罚主题的思考、对变异状态的关注、矛盾情感与哲理悖论、精神分析和叙述表现等等。他们为平凡无助的人们准备了一种存在精神与生存方式 Modern civilization is increasingly aggravating human psychological disorders. To save the soul through the contemplation of art is the survival skill desperately needed by the modern people. Dostoyevsky and Kafka are the earliest and most prominent writers on this issue. Similar living conditions lead to their obvious commonalities: thinking about punishing the subject, paying attention to the changing state, conflicting emotion and philosophical paradox, psychoanalysis and narrative performance. They prepared an existential spirit and way of life for ordinary helpless people