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目的 探讨长期微波辐射对大鼠海马脑区N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)及其信号通路相关分子表达的影响.方法 采用平均功率密度为0、5、10、20和30 mW/cm2的微波辐射50只Wistar雄性大鼠,6 min/次,3次/周,持续6周,于辐射后14和28 d活杀取海马组织,采用免疫蛋白质印迹和图像分析等技术,观察海马神经元NMDAR(NR1、NR2A和NR2B)、突触后密度蛋白(PSD)-95、皮质肌动蛋白(cortactin)、BDNF和酪氨酸激酶受体B(TrkB)的表达变化.结果 5 mW/cm2辐射后,NMDAR相关蛋白在各个时间点与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义.10 mW/cm2辐射后14d,NR1、PSD-95表达上调(P＜0.05).20 mW/cm2辐射组,NR1在辐射后14、28d表达均高于对照组(P＜0.05);NR2A在辐射后28d表达上调(P＜0.05);NR2B在辐射后14、28d表达均低于对照组(P＜0.05).30 nW/cm2辐射后14和28 d,NR1、NR2A和PSD-95表达增加(P＜0.05),NR2B表达下调(P＜0.05);cortactin、BDNF和TrkB于辐射后14 d增加(P＜0.05).结论 不同剂量的微波长期辐射对NMDAR及其信号通路相关分子的影响存在差异,微波辐射可能通过BDNF-TrkB相关信号通路,影响NMDAR对突触后信息的传递,进而在长期微波辐射所致学习记忆功能损伤中发挥重要作用.“,”Objective To evaluate the effect of long-term microwave radiation on the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR),brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and related molecules in signal pathways in the hippocampus of rats.Methods Fifty male Wistar rats were exposed to microwave radiation at an average power density of 0,5,10,20 and 30 mW/cm2for 6 min/time,3 times/week,and for 6 weeks,which were sacrificed and the hippocampus was quickly removed at 14 d and 28 d after exposure.The changes in NMDAR (NR1,NR2A,NR2B),postsynaptic density protein(PSD)-95,cortactin,BDNF and tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) in hippocampal neurons of each group were detected by Western blotting and image analysis techniques.Results Compared with the control group,the expressions of related proteins did not change significantly after microwave irradiation of 5 mW/cm2 at each time point.After 20 mW/cm2 microwave radiation,the expression of NR1 was increased at 14 and 28 d (P ＜0.05),the expression of NR2A was increased at 28 d (P ＜ 0.05),but the expression of NR2B was decreased at 14 and 28 d (P ＜ 0.05).At a average power density of 30 mW/cm2,the expressions of NR1,NR2A and PSD-95 and the expression of NR2B were decreased at 14 and 28 d(P ＜0.05),and cortactin,BDNF and TrkB were increased at 14 d after irradiation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The effect of different dosages of long-term microwave radiation on the proteins of NMDAR and its signal pathway related molecules is different.Microwave radiation may affect the NMDAR of postsynaptic information transmission through the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathways,which might play an important role in the impediment of learning and memory function caused by microwave radiation.