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量子元胞自动机(QCA)是一种新颖的纳米技术,该技术不再通过电流或电压而是基于场相互作用进行信息的计算和传递。首先,综述了两种量子元胞自动机(EQCA和MQCA)器件的计算原理、基本逻辑门和时钟。指出了QCA元胞构成的不同线结构可在相同层交叉传递信号而不受影响。然后,进一步总结了制备QCA器件和功能阵列或电路的实验方法和材料,得出MQCA器件和分子EQCA器件的发展将使该器件逐步达到实际应用水平的结论。详细讨论了目前QCA器件和电路(尤其是存储单元结构)研究取得的重要进展以及面临的问题。提出了QCA器件未来理论和应用研究中的开放课题和方向。
Quantum cellular automata (QCA) is a novel nanotechnology that no longer uses current or voltage but rather calculates and transmits information based on field interactions. First, the computational principles, basic logic gates and clocks of two quantum cellular automata (EQCA and MQCA) devices are reviewed. It is pointed out that the different line structures of QCA cells can cross and transmit signals in the same layer without being affected. Then, the experimental methods and materials for fabricating QCA devices and functional arrays or circuits are further summarized, and the conclusion that the development of MQCA devices and molecular EQCA devices will gradually make the device reach the practical application level is concluded. This paper discusses in detail the important progress made in the research of QCA devices and circuits (especially the memory cell structure) and the problems they face. Put forward the QCA device in the future theory and application of open topics and direction.