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高毒性含氮消毒副产物卤代硝基甲烷(HNMs)近年来在饮用水中频繁检出,引起了全世界的广泛关注。本文阐述了关于HNMs生成势、形成机理及控制方法的研究进展。氨基酸、氨基糖等亲水性有机氮类化合物是HNMs的主要前驱物,臭氧预氧化能降低三卤甲烷、卤乙酸等消毒副产物的生成势,却会导致HNMs生成势的成倍增加。目前对HNMs形成机理的研究只局限于对三氯硝基甲烷形成路径的探讨。对HNMs控制方法的研究也较少。强化混凝、生物活性炭过滤等去除HNMs前驱物的研究只是笼统的考察了DON的去除效能;而Fe0、铁氧化物还原及·OH氧化这些能快速降解已生成HNMs的方法,还都处于研究的初始阶段。针对HNMs的研究现状,提出了今后对HNMs研究的主要方向和亟需解决的问题。
Halonitromethane (HNMs), a byproduct of highly toxic nitrogenous disinfection, has been frequently detected in drinking water in recent years, attracting worldwide attention. This article describes the research progress on the generation potential, formation mechanism and control of HNMs. Amino acids, amino sugars and other hydrophilic organic nitrogen compounds are the main precursors of HNMs. Ozone preoxidation can reduce the generation potential of disinfection by-products such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids, but lead to a doubling of the generation potential of HNMs. At present, the research on the formation mechanism of HNMs is only limited to the discussion of the formation pathway of trichloronitromethane. Research on HNMs control methods is also less. The studies on the removal of HNMs precursors by intensive coagulation and biological activated carbon filtration only examined the removal efficiency of DON in general. However, the methods of rapid degradation of FeO, Fe-oxide reduction and · OH oxidation that have generated HNMs are still under study The initial phase. In view of the current research status of HNMs, the main research directions and the problems to be solved in the future for HNMs are proposed.