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提高作物水分生产力(Water Poduetivity)是节水农业研究的最终目标,定量分析作物WP对干旱和半干旱地区水资源管理和决策制定具有重要意义。华北平原是我国重要的粮食生产基地,但水资源问题已成为制约该区可持续发展的瓶颈,明确该区作物WP时空变化特征及其与气候的关系,对指导该区农业生产和水资源高效利用具有重要作用。本文首先利用华北平原3个代表性试验站各连续3~4年的小麦-玉米轮作田间试验资料,校准验证澳大利亚开发的APSIM模型,然后利用校准后的APSIM模型和研究区域32个气象站1961年～2005年逐日气象数据,结合GIS技术,对华北平原不同供水情景下冬小麦、夏玉米WP空间分布特征进行了模拟研究。模拟结果表明:①当不考虑作物品种变化时,华北平原小麦、玉米WPET(产量与蒸散量比值)分布响应于该区平均气候状况,具有明显的空间分布特征;②充分供水情景下全区小麦WPET为(1.38～1.69)kg/m3,平均值为1.53kg/m3,玉米WPET为(1.69～2.05)kg/m3,平均值为1.83kg/m3;非充分供水情景(仅满足作物水分需求一半)下两作物WPET分布与充分供水情景下相似;雨养情景下小麦WPET为(0.29～1.57)kg/m3,平均值为0.77kg/m3,玉米WPET为(0.86～2.13)kg/m3,平均值为1.47kg/m3;③饱和水汽压差(VPD)是影响作物水分生产力的主要气象因子,研究区域小麦生长季VPD北高南低的趋势使得小麦WPET呈北低南高分布特征;而玉米生长季VPD西高东低,玉米WPET呈西低东高的趋势。改善灌溉管理可提高作物WP,减少由土壤蒸发损失的非生产性耗水对提高作物WP也具有重要意义。
Increasing crop water productivity (Water Poduetivity) is the ultimate goal of water-saving agriculture research. Quantitative analysis of crops WP is of great significance to water resources management and decision-making in arid and semi-arid regions. The North China Plain is an important grain production base in China. However, the issue of water resources has become the bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of the area. The spatial and temporal variation of crop WP in the area has been clarified and its relationship with the climate has been clarified. It is of great importance to guide the efficient agricultural production and water resources Use has an important role. In this paper, first, APSIM models developed in Australia were calibrated and validated by using three to four years of wheat-corn rotations from three representative stations in the North China Plain for three to four years respectively. Then, the APSIM model developed in Australia and the 32 meteorological stations in the study area were used to calibrate the model. According to the daily meteorological data from 2005 to 2005 and the GIS technology, the spatial distribution characteristics of winter wheat and summer maize WP under different water supply scenarios in North China Plain were studied. The simulation results show that: (1) The distribution of WPET (yield and evapotranspiration) in North China Plain responds to the average climatic conditions in the North China Plain with obvious spatial distribution when the crop varieties are not considered; (2) WPET was 1.38-1.69 kg / m3 with an average of 1.53 kg / m3 and corn WPET was 1.69-2.05 kg / m3 with an average of 1.83 kg / m3. In the case of inadequate water supply (only half of the crop moisture requirement was met ) WPET distribution under the two crops was similar to that under the full water supply scenario; WPET was (0.29 ~ 1.57) kg / m3 for wheat under rainfed conditions with an average of 0.77 kg / m3 and corn WPET was (0.86 ~ 2.13) kg / (1.47 kg / m3). (3) The VPD is the main meteorological factor that affects the crop water productivity. The tendency of the north and south of the VPD in the growing season of wheat is such that the wheat WPET is characterized by north and south with high distribution. In the growing season, the VPD was lower in the west and lower in the east, while that in the maize was the lowest in the west. Improving irrigation management can improve crop WP and reduce unproductive water consumption due to soil evaporation losses is also of great importance for improving crop WP.