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目的:探讨自身免疫性脑炎患儿及肺炎支原体脑炎患儿外周血淋巴细胞免疫、体液免疫表达水平及意义。方法:选取2018年7月至2019年7月河北省儿童医院收治的自身免疫性脑炎患儿52例（自身免疫性脑炎组）及肺炎支原体脑炎患儿68例（肺炎支原体脑炎组），选取同期接受治疗的43例肺炎支原体感染患儿作为对照组。采用全自动生化分析仪检测血清免疫球蛋白（IgA、IgG、IgM）水平，采用流式细胞仪测定外周血清T淋巴细胞亚群（CDn 3+、CDn 4+、CDn 8+、CDn 4+/CDn 8+），并进行比较。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清免疫球蛋白、T淋巴细胞亚群指标对自身免疫性脑炎及肺炎支原体脑炎的临床鉴别诊断价值。n 结果:三组患儿血清IgA、IgM水平比较差异有统计学意义（n P<0.05），肺炎支原体脑炎组患儿血清IgA、IgM水平显著高于对照组 及自身免疫性脑炎组[（1.64 ± 0.56） g/L比（1.23 ± 0.48）和（0.82 ± 0.25） g/L、（1.81 ± 0.45） g/L比（1.56 ± 0.48）和（1.12 ± 0.34） g/L]（n P0.05）。肺炎支原体脑炎组外周血CDn 4+、CDn 8+高于自身免疫性脑炎组和对照组 [（31.21 ± 3.86）%比（28.76 ± 3.57）%和（26.58 ± 3.49）%、（26.86 ± 1.89）%比（25.90 ± 2.16）%和（24.71 ± 2.46）%]（n P0.05）。血清IgA、IgM、CDn 3+、CDn 8+、CDn 4+及五项联合诊断自身免疫性脑炎及肺炎支原体脑炎的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.971、0.835、0.833、0.631、0.706及1.000；最佳临界值分别为1.255 g/L、1.465 g/L、57.435%、26.456%、29.750%及1.858；灵敏度分别为100.0%、64.7%、95.6%、92.6%、69.1%及100.0%，特异度分别为95.6%、57.0%、57.1%、23.4%、36.4%及100.0%。n 结论:自身免疫性脑炎患儿血清IgA、IgM及外周血清CDn 3+、CDn 4+、CDn 8+表达水平显著低于肺炎支原体脑炎患儿，且IgA、IgM、CDn 3+、CDn 8+、CDn 4+对自身免疫性脑炎和肺炎支原体脑炎具有较高的鉴别诊断价值。n “,”Objective:To investigate the expression level and significance of peripheral lymphocyte immunity and humoral immunity in children with autoimmune encephalitis and children with mycoplasma encephalitis.Methods:From July 2018 to July 2019, 52 children with autoimmune encephalitis (autoimmune encephalitis group) and 68 children with mycoplasma encephalitis (mycoplasma encephalitis group) in Hebei Children′s Hospital were enrolled, and 43 children with mycoplasma infection who were treated at the same time were selected as control group. Serum immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) levels were detected using a fully automated biochemical analyzer, and peripheral T-lymphocyte subsets (CDn 3+, CDn 4+, CDn 8+, CDn 4+/CDn 8+) levels were measured using flow cytometry. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the clinical differential diagnostic value of serum immunoglobulin and T lymphocyte subsets indicators for autoimmune encephalitis and mycoplasma encephalitis.n Results:The levels of serum IgA, IgM in three groups had significant differences (n P<0.05); the levels of serum IgA, IgM in mycoplasma encephalitis group were significantly higher than those in autoimmune encephalitis group and control group [(1.64 ± 0.56) g/L vs. (1.23 ± 0.48),(0.82 ± 0.25) g/L; (1.81 ± 0.45) g/L vs. (1.56 ± 0.48), (1.12 ± 0.34) g/L](n P0.05). The levels of CDn 4+,CDn 8+ in mycoplasma encephalitis group were significantly higher than those in autoimmune encephalitis group and control group [(31.21 ± 3.86)% vs. (28.76 ± 3.57)%, (26.58 ± 3.49)%; (26.86 ± 1.89)% vs. (25.90 ± 2.16)%, (24.71 ± 2.46)%](n P0.05). The areas under the curve of serum IgA, IgM, CDn 3+, CDn 8+, CDn 4+ and five combined diagnosis were 0.971, 0.835, 0.833, 0.631, 0.706 and 1.000. The optimal critical values were 1.255 g/L, 1.465 g/L, 57.435%, 26.456%, 29.750% and 1.858. The sensitivity was 100.0%, 64.7%, 95.6%, 92.6%, 69.1% and 100.0%, and the specificity was 95.6%, 57.0%, 57.1%, 23.4%, 36.4% and 100.0%.n Conclusions:The expression levels of serum IgA, IgM and peripheral serum CDn 3+, CDn 4+ and CDn 8+ in children with autoimmune encephalitis are significantly lower than those in children with mycoplasma encephalitis, and IgA, IgM, CDn 3+, CDn 8+ and CDn 4+ has high differential diagnosis value.n