公共政策的质量事关人类的祸福。高质量的公共政策必须注意其所隐含的制度因素。作为社会的行为规则 ,有效的制度可以减少不确定性 ,降低交易成本 ,扩大人类的选择范围 ,创造合作的条件 ,提供激励机制 ,遏制“搭便车”等机会主义行为 ,使外部效应内部化 ,使价格正确 ,即实现有 The quality of public policies is a matter of human welfare. High-quality public policy must pay attention to the institutional factors it implies. As a code of conduct for the society, an effective system can reduce the uncertainty, reduce transaction costs, expand the range of human choices, create conditions for cooperation, provide incentives to curb opportunistic behaviors such as “free riding”, internalize externalities, Make the price right, that is, there is