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目的了解厦门市售坚果中重金属元素和黄曲霉毒素的污染状况,为食品安全风险评估和政府部门强化监管提供科学依据。方法在厦门市超市和农贸市场随机采集袋装和散装坚果94份,采用微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和荧光光谱法检测样品中铅、镉、汞、砷的含量,三重四级杆液质联用法检测黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2。结果所测94份坚果中铅的合格率为96.8%,镉的合格率为为87.2%,汞、砷和黄曲霉毒素B1的合格率为100%,黄曲霉毒素B2、G1、G2均未检出,因无国家限量标准亦不予评价。花生中镉的含量相对其他坚果较高,树坚果中砷和汞的含量高于种子类坚果,铅的含量则相近。黄曲霉毒素B1只在开心果和花生中有检出,含量较低。结论厦门市售坚果中重金属元素和黄曲霉毒素的含量总体上处于安全水平,但仍不能忽视个别样品中铅和镉超标的潜在危害性,特别是散装葵花籽样品,超标率相对较高,应引起重视,加强监管。
Objective To understand the pollution status of heavy metals and aflatoxins in commercially available nuts in Xiamen and to provide a scientific basis for food safety risk assessment and government regulation. Methods 94 samples of bagged and bulk nuts were randomly collected from supermarkets and farmers markets in Xiamen. The content of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in samples were determined by microwave digestion - graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and fluorescence spectrometry. Quality Assay for aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2. Results The qualified rate of lead in 94 nuts was 96.8%, that of cadmium was 87.2%, that of mercury, arsenic and aflatoxin B1 was 100%, and aflatoxin B2, G1 and G2 were not detected Out, because there is no national standards also not comment. The content of cadmium in peanut is higher than that in other nuts, the contents of arsenic and mercury in tree nuts are higher than those in seeds, and the content of lead is similar. Aflatoxin B1 is detected only in pistachios and peanuts at low levels. Conclusion The content of heavy metal elements and aflatoxins in commercially available nuts in Xiamen is generally at a safe level. However, the potential hazards of excess lead and cadmium in individual samples can not be neglected, especially in bulk sunflower seeds, and the over-standard rate is relatively high. Draw attention and strengthen supervision.