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为研究全铝车身电动轿车正面碰撞的耐撞性,应用ANSA建立了全铝车身电动轿车的有限元模型。依据C-NCAP对车身加速度、碰撞速度、车门变形量指标的规定,在LS-DYNA中对所建的全铝车身电动轿车的有限元模型进行了正面100%重叠刚性壁障仿真碰撞试验。试验结果表明:全铝车身电动轿车在正面碰撞过程中车身加速度大,在0.033 s时加速度达到最大值59.6g,高于C-NCAP指标中的目标值50g;前侧车门的最大变形量为41.72 mm,高于C-NCAP指标中的目标值40 mm。针对全铝车身电动轿车正面碰撞存在的问题,设计使用4因素3水平的标准正交矩阵,对全铝车身电动轿车的车身结构参数进行了优化调整。利用LS-DYNA依次进行仿真计算分析,确定了各因素对车身加速度影响的主次顺序;对仿真结果进行极差分析、方差分析和显著性分析,获得了最优方案,即前防撞梁厚度3 mm,吸能盒厚度3.5 mm,前纵梁厚度2.8 mm,前防撞梁材料7003。优化结果表明:与基础模型方案相比,优化后车身加速度降低了23.8%,前侧车门变形量减小了9.6%,增强了全铝车身电动轿车的耐撞性,为全铝车身电动轿车正面碰撞安全的设计与改进提供了依据。
In order to study the crashworthiness of the frontal impact of the aluminum aluminum body electric car, ANSA was used to establish the finite element model of the aluminum aluminum body electric car. According to the provisions of C-NCAP on vehicle body acceleration, collision speed and door deformation, a finite element model of a full aluminum body electric car built by LS-DYNA was tested with a 100% overlapping rigid barrier simulation test. The test results show that the body acceleration of the all-aluminum body electric car is large during the frontal collision, and the acceleration reaches the maximum of 59.6g at 0.033s, which is higher than the target value of 50g in the C-NCAP indicator. The maximum deformation of the front door is 41.72 mm, 40 mm above the target value in the C-NCAP indicator. Aiming at the existing problems of the frontal impact of the aluminum body electric car, the standard orthogonal matrix of 4 factors and 3 levels is designed to optimize the structural parameters of the aluminum body electric car. LS-DYNA was used to carry out the simulation calculation and analysis in turn to determine the main order of the various factors that affect the acceleration of the vehicle body. The analysis of the difference, variance analysis and saliency analysis of the simulation results obtained the optimal solution, that is, the front beam thickness 3 mm, box thickness 3.5 mm, front side member thickness 2.8 mm, front impact beam material 7003. The optimization results show that the optimized vehicle body acceleration is reduced by 23.8% and the front door deformation is reduced by 9.6% compared with the base model solution, which enhances the crashworthiness of the aluminum aluminum body electric car, Collision safety design and improvement provided the basis.