一、前言我国中小型氮肥厂有1千多家,合成氨生产的能耗,因管理水平和设备状况上的差异,其耗能高低悬殊较大。能耗低的企业吨氨总能耗只有4209×10~4KJ(1007×10~4Kcal);能耗高的企业吨氨总能耗高达10086×10~4KJ(2413×10~4Kcal)。我国目前中小型氮肥厂所使用的固定层煤气发生炉,大都是三十年代的设计产品,设备 I. Introduction China’s small and medium-sized nitrogenous fertilizer plant has more than 1,000, the energy consumption of ammonia production, due to differences in management level and equipment status, the high level of energy consumption disparity. The total energy consumption per tonne of enterprises with low energy consumption is only 4209 × 10 ~ 4KJ (1007 × 10 ~ 4Kcal). The total energy consumption per tonne of enterprises with high energy consumption is as high as 10086 × 10 ~ 4KJ (2413 × 10 ~ 4Kcal). At present, fixed-layer gas furnaces used by small and medium-sized nitrogenous fertilizer plants in our country are mostly designed products of the thirties. Equipment