合理使用材料是一个现实问题。铁路机车车辆的轮对制造也是如此。轻型轮对不仅节约材料、降低造价,而且减轻了上部建筑荷载,提高了车辆承载力,从而改进了行车特性。采用空心车轴就是可行的途径。苏联莫斯科中央铁路研究所、莫斯科车辆制造研究所、乌拉尔斯克管道与车辆制造工厂共同进行了高强度空心车轴的研制工作。1965年诺沃拉尔斯克制管厂首批试制了1,000根空心车轴。采用的材料是苏联国家标准45号平炉钢,其含碳量为0.42—0.49％,锰含量为0.5—0.8％。轴的直径213±2.5毫米,轴壁厚度55毫米。由这种空心车轴装配的轮对已用于四轴、六轴和八轴货车上。这种装有空心车轴的货车在固定交路运用,以 The rational use of materials is a real problem. The same is true of the wheelset manufacture of railway rolling stock. Lightweight wheelsets not only save material, reduce costs, but also reduce the upper part of the building load, improve the vehicle carrying capacity, thus improving the driving characteristics. Using a hollow axle is a viable option. Soviet Moscow Central Railway Institute, Moscow Institute of Vehicle Manufacturing, Uralsk pipeline and vehicle manufacturing plant jointly carried out the development of high strength hollow axle. In 1965 the Novollars plant was the first to manufacture 1,000 hollow axles. The material used is the Soviet Union 45 # flat steel, the carbon content of 0.42-0.49%, manganese content of 0.5-0.8%. The shaft diameter is 213 ± 2.5 mm and the shaft wall thickness is 55 mm. Wheelsets assembled from such hollow axles have been used on four-, six-, and eight-axle trucks. This type of truck equipped with hollow axles is used for fixed crossings