能源、原材料、水、土地等自然资源是人类赖以生存和发展的基础,是经济社会可持续发展的重要物质保证。而随着经济的发展,资源约束的矛盾日益凸显。1980年以来,我国的能源总消耗量每年增长约5%,是世界平均增长率的近3倍。并且,我国的能源储量与未来几十年的发展需求之间存在着 Natural resources such as energy, raw materials, water and land are the basis on which human beings depend for their survival and development and are important material guarantees for the sustainable economic and social development. With the economic development, the contradiction between resource constraints has become increasingly prominent. Since 1980, China’s total energy consumption has increased by about 5% annually, nearly three times the world average. And there is a gap between our country’s energy reserves and the development needs of the coming decades