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在“中国向何处去”的追问中包含着先进中国人对于现代意识的自觉。呼唤科学、民主,要求改变中国社会经济结构,批评西方的现代性,都是这种自觉的表现。中国现代哲学家在现代意识的基础上,达到了对于哲学学科的自觉。尽管他们对哲学的理解并不完全相同,各自的侧重点也不一样,但他们都明确地意识到:各门科学成为独立的学科之后,哲学不再是古代那种包罗万象的学科,已成为一门专门的学问;哲学有别于宗教,必须建立在理性的基础上;哲学也有别于科学,研究范围呈现出总体性的特点,是关于世界观和人生观的学问。
The question of where to go to China contains the awareness of the advanced Chinese about the modern consciousness. Calling science and democracy, demanding the change of China’s social and economic structure, and criticizing the modernity of the West are all such conscious manifestations. On the basis of modern consciousness, Chinese modern philosophers have reached the consciousness of philosophy. Although their understanding of philosophy is not completely the same, their respective focuses are not the same, but they all clearly realized that after each subject became an independent discipline, philosophy was no longer an all-encompassing discipline in ancient times and became a Philosophy is different from religion, and must be based on rationality. Philosophy is also different from science. The scope of the study shows the characteristics of the whole and the knowledge of the world outlook and outlook on life.