目的分析肺结核患者痰涂片及痰分离培养抗酸杆菌检验情况,为确诊和控制结核病提供科学诊断依据。方法 2008-06/2011-05四川省双流县结核病门诊就诊的可疑肺结核(可疑者)2 418例及化疗期间肺结核患者(治疗者)649例,总计3 067例,分别对每例就诊者进行痰涂片和培养检测。结果 3 067例就诊者中查出抗酸杆菌阳性777例,总阳性率为25.33%(777/3067),其中痰涂片阳性(涂阳)524例,痰培养阳性(培阳)651例,阳性率分别为17.09%和21.23%。2 418例可疑者涂阳383例,培阳619例,阳性率分别为15.84%(383/2418)和25.60%(619/2418),培阳高于涂阳,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。649例肺结核治疗者涂阳141例,培阳32例,阳性率分别21.73%(141/649)和4.93%(32/649),涂阳高于培阳,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论可疑肺结核者痰培阳高于涂阳,而肺结核治疗者涂阳高于培阳,痰涂片抗酸杆菌检测特异性高而敏感性低,分离培养敏感性、特异性均较高。 Objective To analyze sputum smear and sputum sputum smear culture of acid-fast bacilli in sputum for the diagnosis and control of tuberculosis to provide a scientific basis for diagnosis. Methods From June 2008 to May 2011, 2 418 suspected tuberculosis cases (suspicious persons) and 649 pulmonary tuberculosis patients (treated persons) were treated in Shuangliu County Tuberculosis Clinic in Sichuan Province. A total of 3 067 cases were treated with sputum Smear and culture test. Results A total of 777 positive acid-fast bacilli (AAC) were detected in 3 067 patients, with a total positive rate of 25.33% (777/3067), of which 524 were smear positive (smear positive), 651 were sputum positive The positive rates were 17.09% and 21.23% respectively. There were 381 cases of smear positive in 2 418 cases and 619 cases of positive pelvis in Peking Union Medical College, the positive rates were 15.84% (383/2418) and 25.60% (619/2418), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Among the 649 tuberculosis patients, 141 were smear-positive and 32 were beriberi, the positive rates were 21.73% (141/649) and 4.93% (32/649), respectively. The smear positive rate was higher than that of peiyang, with statistical significance (P <0.01) ). Conclusion Susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis sputum culture higher than smear positive, and pulmonary tuberculosis smear-positive sputum smear-positive than sputum smear acid-fast bacilli detection of high specificity and low sensitivity, isolation and culture sensitivity and specificity were higher.