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本文主要通过声学参数测量及使用者的主观评价调查对高校餐厅声环境进行研究。通过声学参数的测量,得出两餐厅的声场分布特点、混响时间与频率关系曲线,以及声压级随时间变化关系。通过问卷调查得出用餐区声环境与使用者主观评价之间的关系。研究结果表明:在声场分布方面,两餐厅在噪声源位置、安静区域分布及不同时刻相同区域的声压级高低三方面均有所不同。面积较大的餐厅的平均噪声级比面积较小餐厅高出约6 d B(A)。大餐厅的混响时间比小空间长1.3 s。在主观评价方面,用餐者认为干扰度最大的是人发出的噪声,其次是与餐厅设备相关的噪声,干扰度最小的是与娱乐相关的声源。用餐者认为餐厅中噪声对心情的影响最小,而对收看电视节目的影响最大。除性别外,餐厅来访者的年龄、职业、居住地、停留时间和来访频率等社会特征均与声环境满意度均呈显著相关。另外,两餐厅同种声源的烦扰度也存在一定差异。
This paper mainly studies the acoustic environment of restaurant in colleges and universities by measuring the acoustic parameters and subjectively evaluating the users. Through the measurement of the acoustic parameters, the sound field distribution characteristics of the two restaurants, the relationship between the reverberation time and the frequency, and the relationship between the sound pressure level and time are obtained. The relationship between the sound environment of dining area and subjective evaluation of users was obtained through questionnaire survey. The results show that in the distribution of sound field, the two restaurants are different in noise source location, quiet area distribution and sound pressure level in the same area at different times. The average noise level of the larger restaurant is about 6 d B (A) higher than that of the smaller restaurant. The reverberation time of the big restaurant is 1.3 s longer than the small space. In terms of subjective evaluation, the diners think the noise is the most disturbing one, followed by the noise related to restaurant equipment, and the least noise is the entertainment-related sound source. Diners think the noise in the restaurant has the least impact on mood and has the greatest impact on watching television. In addition to sex, social characteristics such as age, occupation, place of residence, length of stay and frequency of visits among restaurant visitors are significantly related to satisfaction with the acoustic environment. In addition, the two restaurants the same kind of sound source there is a certain degree of difference.