跟后工业时代的西班牙巴塞罗那和德国柏林相比,葡萄牙的里斯本感觉有点落后,稍微脱离了现实世界。但老里斯本有自己独特的历史发展轨迹,正如加拿大诗人莱昂纳德·科恩(Leonard Cohen)被刻在当地酒吧外墙的诗句所写的那样:“所有事物都有裂缝,那是光透进来的地方。”(There is a crack in everything…That’s how the light gets in.) Compared with Barcelona in the industrial age in Spain and Berlin in Germany, Lisbon in Portugal felt somewhat backward and slightly detached from the real world. But Old Lisbon has its own unique trajectory of historical development, as Leonard Cohen, the poet of Canada, wrote in the poem engraved on the wall of the local bar: "Everything has cracks, There’s a crack in everything ... That’s how the light gets in.)