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为满足建筑用安全型真空玻璃构件的开发及工程应用推广之需要,研究了真空玻璃结构优化设计所涉及的力学基础理论。根据真空玻璃构件结构特点,建立力学模型,分析了真空玻璃构件在大气压作用下支撑应力分布特征及计算公式。结果表明:大气压作用下真空玻璃构件最大弯曲拉应力分布在支撑部位玻璃外表面处,当支撑力超过其临界载荷时,会导致接触点附近玻璃锥形裂纹的产生;根据均强度理论,得到了玻璃基片在不产生压痕下支撑物的最大临界支撑力计算公式;给出了持久应力作用下真空玻璃基片的强度设计值,其中钢化玻璃的为44.40MPa,普通浮法玻璃的为8.19MPa。综合真空玻璃构件应力分布特征及传热机理,优化了真空玻璃构件设计,使其达到最佳“热学与力学”配置。
In order to meet the need of developing safety-type vacuum glass components for construction and popularizing engineering applications, the basic mechanical theory involved in the optimization design of vacuum glass structures is studied. According to the structural characteristics of vacuum glass, the mechanical model is established, and the stress distribution characteristics and calculation formula of vacuum glass under atmospheric pressure are analyzed. The results show that under atmospheric pressure, the maximum bending tensile stress of the vacuum glass member distributes on the glass outer surface of the supporting part. When the supporting force exceeds its critical load, it will lead to the conical glass crack near the contact point. According to the average strength theory, The calculation formula of the maximum critical support force of the glass substrate under the condition of no indentation is given. The strength design value of the vacuum glass substrate under the stress of lasting stress is given, wherein the tempered glass is 44.40 MPa and the ordinary float glass is 8.19 MPa. Based on the stress distribution characteristics and heat transfer mechanism of vacuum glass components, the design of vacuum glass components is optimized to achieve the best “thermal and mechanical” configuration.