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(一)概 述 岩体力学是采矿工程向一门科学发展的 基础理论之一。其理论分析方法,迄今大多 是建立在连续介质力学基础上的。但矿(岩) 体实际上是一类非均质、非各向同性、非单 一连续的力学介质,因而在复杂的地质构造、 环境条件和生产因素影响下,企图用连续介 质理论分析方法,是很难获得符合岩体工程 实际状态的定量性结论的。所以,自六十年 代以来,各国都很重视发展应用现场岩体力 学的测试技术,其中如通过仪器和其他手段, 对矿(岩)体在采矿过程中的力学反应进行观 测,以得出定性或定量的结论。通过它可以 达到:(1)检验与修正岩体力学理论的正确 性,或者创新假说;(2)指导采矿工程实 现合理化;(3)进行安全监测及险情预报 等。
(A) Overview Rock mechanics is one of the basic theories of mining engineering to a scientific development. Its theoretical analysis methods, so far mostly based on the continuum mechanics. However, the ore body is actually a kind of non-homogeneous, non-isotropic and non-uniform continuous mechanical medium. Therefore, under the influence of complex geological structure, environmental conditions and production factors, it is attempted to use the continuous medium theory analysis method, It is difficult to obtain quantitative conclusions that accord with the actual state of rock mass engineering. Therefore, since the 1960s, all countries have attached great importance to the development of testing techniques for rock mass mechanics on the application site. For example, the mechanical responses of the ore body to the mining process are observed through instruments and other means to obtain the qualitative Or quantitative conclusion. Through it, it can be achieved: (1) checking and correcting the correctness of rock mechanics theory or innovation hypothesis; (2) guiding mining engineering to be rationalized; (3) conducting safety monitoring and danger prediction.