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目的了解佛山市企业工作场所中有机溶剂污染现状,为有效地开展有机溶剂职业病危害防治工作提供科学依据。方法 2007—2010年对佛山市直企业进行职业卫生学调查,对企业工作场所中的有机溶剂作业岗位设点监测空气中有毒物质浓度,并对工人使用的有机溶剂物料采样作成分分析。结果 佛山市企业工作场所中的有机溶剂种类较多,主要是苯、甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯、正己烷、总烃、乙醇、丙酮、丁酮、乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯等,以苯系物最常见。工作场所空气中有毒物质监测结果显示甲苯监测点合格率最低,为97.7%;毒物超标最严重者为苯,最高超标倍数达52.6。有机溶剂物料成分分析结果表明,企业使用的有机溶剂物料大部分含有对人体有害的高毒物质如苯和正己烷等。结论使用有机溶剂的佛山市企业行业分布广,所用有机溶剂中存在的有毒物质涉及种类多,以含苯系物的有机溶剂最为常用;应重点加强使用有机溶剂行业及接触有机溶剂作业岗位的职业病危害防治工作。
Objective To understand the current situation of organic solvent pollution in the workplace of enterprises in Foshan City and provide a scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of occupational hazards of organic solvents. Methods From 2007 to 2010, a survey on occupational hygiene of direct enterprises in Foshan was conducted to monitor the concentrations of toxic substances in the air at the organic solvent sites in the enterprises’ workplaces. The composition of the samples was also analyzed by sampling the organic solvents used by workers. Results There were many kinds of organic solvents in the workplace in Foshan enterprises, mainly including benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, n-hexane, total hydrocarbons, ethanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, Department of the most common. Toxic substances in the workplace air monitoring results show that the lowest passing rate of toluene monitoring point was 97.7%; the most serious toxins were benzene, the highest exceeded the standard number of 52.6. Organic solvent material composition analysis results show that most of the organic solvents used by enterprises contain high toxic substances harmful to human beings such as benzene and n-hexane. Conclusion Foshan enterprises using organic solvents are widely distributed. There are many types of toxic substances in organic solvents used. Organic solvents containing benzene series are the most commonly used. The organic solvents industry and occupational exposure to organic solvents should be emphasized Hazard prevention and control work.