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普过矮缩病(以下简称普矮)和黄矮病(即暂黄病,以下简称黄矮)是七十年代以来,我国南方稻区发生较为普遍,曾在闽、浙、赣、皖、湘、滇、粤等省部分地区一度流行,造成损失甚大的两种病毒病。长江中、下游地区,两病主要由黑尾叶蝉传播,治虫防病固然有效,但投入人力物力较多,有时还收不到应有的效果。因此,防治这类病害也和防治稻瘟病等病害一样,必需以抗病品种为基础。遗憾的是,从大量水稻品种中很难筛选出同时高抗两病的可靠材料;且两种病毒致病力均有分化现象,即不同毒株致病力不尽相同。为此,笔者除鉴定农家水稻品种抗性而外,还从国内野生稻(Oryzasativa L·f·sportanea)中筛选抗源,初步获得了可喜的效果,现简报如下:
Since the 1970s, common short dwarf diseases (hereinafter referred to as PU dwarf) and yellow dwarf diseases (that is, temporary yellow disease, hereinafter referred to as HUANG dwarf) have been more common in the rice planting areas in southern China and have been widely distributed in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Yunnan, Guangdong and other parts of the province was once popular, causing great loss of two kinds of virus disease. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the two diseases are mainly spread by the black leafhopper, pest control disease is effective, but more human and material resources, sometimes not receive the desired effect. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of such diseases are also the same as the prevention and control of rice blast diseases and other diseases, and must be based on resistant varieties. Unfortunately, it is difficult to screen out reliable materials with high resistance to both diseases from a large number of rice varieties. The pathogenicity of both viruses is differentiated, that is, the virulence of different strains varies. Therefore, in addition to identifying the resistance of peasant rice varieties, the author also screened the source of resistance from domestic wild rice (Oryzasativa L. f sportanea) and initially achieved encouraging results. The briefing is as follows: