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目的探讨健康干预对老年人接种肺炎疫苗意愿的影响。方法于东莞市东城社区选取未接受肺炎疫苗接种的常住老年居民200名作为研究对象,对其开展肺炎疫苗接种意愿问卷调查,并对不愿意接种肺炎疫苗的原因进行分析。按照肺炎疫苗接种意愿调查结果将200名老年居民分为自愿组(58名)和抵触组(142名),均接受有针对性的健康干预。比较干预前后自愿组与抵触组老年居民对肺炎、肺炎疫苗接种的认知情况;干预后根据是否愿意接种肺炎疫苗将抵触组老年居民分为愿意组(67名)与二次抵触组(75名),并比较两组老年居民对肺炎、肺炎疫苗接种的认知情况。结果干预前,抵触组老年居民对肺炎、肺炎疫苗接种的认知评分均明显低于自愿组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);干预后,自愿组与抵触组老年居民对肺炎、肺炎疫苗接种的认知评分均明显提高(P<0.05),且组间比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);干预后,抵触组中仍抵触接种疫苗的老年居民其肺炎、肺炎疫苗接种认知评分均明显低于干预后愿意接种疫苗的老年居民,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论在社区老年居民接种肺炎疫苗前,实施有针对性的健康干预,可有效提高老年居民对肺炎疫苗接种的认知程度,使其自愿参与肺炎疫苗接种。
Objective To explore the effect of health intervention on the willingness of elderly patients to inoculate pneumonia vaccine. Methods A total of 200 elderly residents who did not receive pneumonia vaccine were enrolled in Dongcheng Community of Dongguan City. The questionnaire survey on the willingness of pneumonia vaccination was conducted and the reasons for unwilling to inoculate pneumonia vaccine were analyzed. According to the survey results of pneumonia vaccination intention, 200 elderly residents were divided into voluntary group (58 persons) and contradiction group (142 persons), all receiving targeted health intervention. The intervention group was divided into two groups according to whether they were willing to inoculate the pneumonia vaccine or not: the willing group (67) and the contradiction group (75) ), And compared the cognition of pneumonia and pneumonia in two groups of elderly residents. Results Before intervention, the cognition score of pneumonia and pneumonia vaccination among elderly residents in contradiction group was significantly lower than that of voluntary group (all P <0.05). After intervention, (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). After the intervention, the contracted group still contradicted the vaccination of elderly residents with pneumonia, The cognitive score of pneumonia vaccination was significantly lower than that of elderly residents willing to vaccinate after intervention (all P <0.05). Conclusion Before the pneumoconiosis vaccine is administered to elderly residents in the community, targeted health interventions can effectively improve the cognition of elderly residents on pneumonia vaccination and make them voluntarily participate in pneumonia vaccination.