发动机的小型化趋势以及直喷、增压等先进技术的应用,使得汽油机的运行工况越来越恶劣,发动机需要长时间运行于高效率、高负荷工况。随着当今汽车“起停”技术的快速应用,发动机也需要在高温高压以及非常小的许用油膜厚度运行条件下高效地运行。更具挑战性的是,在城市工况运行时发动机的频繁起动,使发动 The tendency of miniaturization of engines and the application of advanced technologies such as direct injection and boosting make the operating conditions of gasoline engines worse and worse, and the engines need to operate for a long time under high-efficiency and high-load conditions. With the rapid adoption of today’s automotive “stop-and-go” technology, the engine also needs to operate efficiently at high temperatures and pressures, and with very small permissible oil film thickness operating conditions. Even more challenging is the frequent start-up of the engine during city conditions