论文部分内容阅读
小麦是人类重要的粮食作物之一,花器官是粮食产生的基础。小麦花器官发育研究对小麦育种有着潜在的应用前景。目前,已鉴定克隆了部分小麦花器官A,B,C,D,E 5类功能基因,加深了人们对小麦花器官发育机制的认识。A功能基因主要有WFUL1,2,3/WAP1/VRN1/TaVRT1/TaAP1-1,2,3,与小麦由营养生长向生殖生长转变以及内外稃和浆片的发育有关。B功能基因有WAP3/TaAP3/TaMADS 51、TaMADS 82、WPI1/TaPI-1、WPI2/TaPI-2/TaAGL26,决定浆片和雄蕊的发育。C功能基因参与雄蕊和雌蕊的发育,包括WAG-1/TaAG-1、WAG-2/TaAG-2/WM29A/WM29B/TaAGL39。D功能基因在胚珠发育中起重要作用,主要有TaAG-3/TaAGL2/TaAGL9/TaAGL31、TaAG-4和WSTK。E功能基因在各轮花器官中均有一定作用,主要有WSEP、WLHS1、TaMADS1、TaSEP-1,2,3,4,5,6,以及TaAGL37/TaAGL6-1A,TaMADS#12/TaAGL6-1B和TaAGL6-1C。相比于双子叶植物,小麦花器官发育仍有许多问题尚需阐明。本文综述了小麦花器官形成的A,B,C,D,E功能基因研究现状,总结小麦花器官形成的ABCDE模型,并提出目前研究存在的问题,为深入研究小麦花器官发育提供一定的理论依据。
Wheat is one of the important cereal crops in the world. Floral organs are the basis of food production. Wheat floral organ development has potential application prospects for wheat breeding. At present, some functional genes of A, B, C, D, and E of floral organs have been identified and cloned, which has deepened people’s understanding of floral organ development in wheat. The major functional genes of A are WFUL1,2,3 / WAP1 / VRN1 / TaVRT1 / TaAP1-1,2,3, which are related to the transformation of wheat from vegetative growth to reproductive growth and the development of both internal and external catfish and pulp. The function genes of B are WAP3 / TaAP3 / TaMADS 51, TaMADS 82, WPI1 / TaPI-1, WPI2 / TaPI-2 / TaAGL26, which determine the development of pulp and stamens. C function genes involved in the development of stamens and pistils, including WAG-1 / TaAG-1, WAG-2 / TaAG-2 / WM29A / WM29B / TaAGL39. D function genes play an important role in the development of ovules, mainly TaAG-3 / TaAGL2 / TaAGL9 / TaAGL31, TaAG-4 and WSTK. E functional genes play a role in each flower organ, mainly WSEP, WLHS1, TaMADS1, TaSEP-1,2,3,4,5,6, and TaAGL37 / TaAGL6-1A, TaMADS # 12 / TaAGL6-1B And TaAGL6-1C. Compared with dicotyledons, there are still many problems in floral organ development in wheat yet to be elucidated. This review summarizes the current research status of A, B, C, D and E functional genes in floral organs of wheat, summarizes the ABCDE model of floral organ formation in wheat and presents the current problems in the study, providing some theories for further research on floral organ development in wheat in accordance with.