现行高中物理教材在介绍原子核结合能的计算时,直接引出了“质量亏损的现象,可从爱因斯坦的理论中得到解释,他在相对论中得出了物体的质量和能量间的关系式E=mc~2,这就是著名的质能联系方程,简称为质能方程.”质量怎么能跟能量联系起来呢?爱因斯坦是怎么推导出这个关系式的呢? 其实,爱因斯坦1905年9月发表的《能量与质量的等价性》论文中,有关E=mc~2的推导过程,广大中学生完全能够理解,并能使他们的疑惑涣然冰释,而从心底里敬佩爱因斯坦的睿知. 爱因斯坦的推导过程大致是这样的: 假设有一质量为M的静止物体,受到2个相向而行、能量均为E/2的光子的撞击(见图1),并将这2个 When the current high school physics textbook introduced the calculation of binding energy of atomic nuclei, it directly led to the phenomenon of “mass loss”, which can be explained by Einstein’s theory. In the theory of relativity, he obtained the relationship between mass and energy of objects. =mc~2, this is the well-known mass energy connection equation, abbreviated as the qualitative energy equation. "How can quality relate to energy? How did Einstein derive this relation? Actually, Einstein 1905 In the paper “The Equivalence of Energy and Quality” published in September, the process of the derivation of E=mc~2 was fully understandable by the middle school students, and it made them puzzled, and admired Einstein from the bottom of my heart. Rui Zhi. Einstein’s derivation process is roughly like this: Suppose there is a stationary object with mass M, which is impacted by two photons with opposite directions and energy E/2 (see Figure 1). One