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The epidemic caused by the new coronavirus infection is a global public health emergency. The new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has caused more deaths in China than the SARS-CoV outbreak in 2003. Since the virus has a high homology with SARS-CoV, it is speculates that it may infect cells through the S protein-ACE2 pathway then cause tracheal epithelial cell damage and alveolar damage, further induce inflammatory factor storm and trigger apoptosis cascade reaction and other mechanisms leading to acute lung injury. At early stage, the new coronavirus pneumonia mainly presents with non-specific manifestations of fatigue, fever, cough, etc., Then the respiratory tract will be involved, and evolved into the new type of infectious disease with lung lesions. Under radiology images, ground glass-like changes can be observed in the lungs. With its aggravation, progressive hypoxemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even death occurs. At present, the correlation between the new coronavirus pneumonia and acute lung injury is not yet clear. This article reviews the characteristics of the new coronavirus, the possible mechanism of acute lung injury in new coronavirus pneumonia, post-infection diagnosis and current treatment options in order to provide evidence for its treatment.