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目的了解导致婴幼儿腹泻病原微生物类型,获得婴幼儿腹泻病原谱,为婴幼儿腹泻的预防控提供参考依据。方法采集2014年7-12月内蒙古医科大学附属医院儿科771份腹泻患者粪便标本,分离病原微生物,选取可疑菌落进行生化鉴定和血清学分型,行8种细菌检测;用ELSA和PCR等方法检测7种常见腹泻病毒,用显微镜检测2种寄生虫。结果在771份粪便标本中,各类腹泻病原微生物阳性598份,检出率77.56%,其中52份检出肠道致病菌,检出率6.74%,以沙门菌最多(43份,7.20%),沙门菌中以鼠伤寒沙门菌为主(26份);542份检出腹泻病毒,检出率70.30%,其中A型轮状病毒230份(占38.46%),杯状病毒192份(占32.10%);4份检出寄生虫,检出率0.52%。在各年龄组中,0~1岁患儿最多,共431例(占55.90%);8月和11月腹泻患儿最多,均为213例,但8月肠道致病细菌检出率(11.74%)高于11月(1.88%)。7-9月肠道致病细菌检出率明显高于10-12月。7-12月腹泻病毒的检出率逐月增高,10-12月A型轮状病毒检出最多。结论婴幼儿感染性腹泻病例主要集中在0~1岁年龄组,其中沙门氏菌、杯状病毒和A型轮状病毒为婴幼儿腹泻的主要致病微生物。
Objective To understand the types of pathogenic microorganisms that cause diarrhea in infants and young children and obtain the spectrum of infants and young children’s diarrhea, and provide a reference for the prevention and control of diarrhea in infants and young children. Methods Stool samples from 771 diarrhea patients in the pediatrics department of Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital from July 2014 to July 2014 were collected and pathogenic microorganisms were isolated. Susceptible colonies were selected for biochemical identification and serological typing. Eight kinds of bacteria were detected by ELSA and PCR. A common diarrhea virus, microscopic examination of two kinds of parasites. Results Among the 771 stool specimens, 598 were positive for pathogenic microorganisms of all kinds of diarrhea, with a detection rate of 77.56%. Among them, 52 strains of enteric pathogens were detected, with a detection rate of 6.74%, of which Salmonella was the most (43 copies, 7.20% ), Salmonella typhimurium-based (26); 542 were detected diarrhea virus, the detection rate was 70.30%, of which 230 rotavirus type A (38.46%), 192 calicivirus Accounting for 32.10%); 4 were detected parasites, the detection rate of 0.52%. Among all age groups, the highest number of children aged 0-1 years was 431 (55.90%), and the highest number of children with diarrhea was in August and November (213). However, the detection rate of intestinal pathogenic bacteria in August 11.74%) higher than in November (1.88%). The detection rate of intestinal pathogenic bacteria in July-September was significantly higher than that in October-December. From July to December, the detection rate of diarrhea virus increased from month to month, and the detection rate of rotavirus A was the highest from October to December. Conclusion The cases of infantile infectious diarrhea are mainly concentrated in the 0-1 age group. Among them, Salmonella, Calicivirus and Rotavirus A are the main pathogenic microorganisms in infantile diarrhea.