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Editors Note： The 15th anniversary of the consensus adoption of the inspirational "Declaration and Programme of Action on Culture of Peace" by the UN General Assembly falls on 13 September 2014.
It is an appropriate occasion for all of us to renew and rededicate our efforts and energies for the full and effective implementation of these norm-setting documents of the United Nations.
In view of this， 2014 UN High Level Forum on The Culture of Peace convened by the General Assembly President on 9 September assumes particular significance.
On this occasion， UNITY is honored to receive the permission to publish this keynote speech by Ambassador Anwarul K. Chowdhury who steered the nine-month long negotiations of the General Assembly in 1998-99 resulting in these landmark documents."
编者按：2014年9月13日，联合国大会纪念鼓舞人心的“和平文化宣言与行动纲领”被普遍采用15周年的活动落下帷幕。
这是一个非常合适的场合，让我们重新投入努力和精力，去全面而有效地实施联合国这些用来制定规范的文件。
基于这一点，由联合国大会主席组织的联合国和平文化高级别论坛具有特殊的意义，该论坛将于2014年9月9日组织召开。
这一次，联合国青年技术培训杂志有幸发表安瓦鲁·K·乔德哈瑞大使的这篇主旨演讲。大使先生领导了联合国大会在1998-1999年间长达九个月的谈判，并取得了具有里程碑意义的文件。I am honored to open the San Francisco SGI-USA Culture of Peace Resource Center and its Distinguished Speaker Series for engaging the Bay Area community in dialogue and interaction for peace. Hosting the Center in the birthplace of the United Nations and its Charter makes it especially meaningful. I also recall the significance of the fact that President Daisaku Ikeda of the SGI set foot in this city in October 1960 commencing his tour of the mainland USA.
I am deeply touched by the honor accorded me by the opportunity to inaugurate all the previous five Culture of Peace Resource Centers in the United States beginning in 2007. The focus and commitment that the Soka Gakkai International-USA has shown over the years for advancing this landmark initiative of the United Nations truly deserve our whole-hearted praise and unbounded admiration. I would particularly extend my encouragement to the SGI-USA’s Victory over Violence programme which has the keen involvement of the forward-looking young people. Another pioneering venture has been the introduction of a course on “The Culture of Peace” since 2009 at the Soka University of America in California aimed at preparing today’s young for their global responsibility. I have the pleasure of teaching that course since the beginning.
我很荣幸能参加旧金山美国创价会（SGI-USA）和平资源中心的落成典礼，成为诸多杰出演讲者中的第一个演讲者，这些演讲旨在使湾区社区参与对话和互动。在联合国及其宪章的发祥地主持该中心的落成典礼，显得格外有意义。我又想起了另一件有重要意义的事，1960年10月，SGI会长池田大作就是从这个城市开始他巡回美国本土的旅程。 能主持美国自2007年起所有五个和平资源中心的落成典礼，我感到荣幸，并为这种荣誉所深深感动。美国国际创价学会多年来为在联合国推动这种具有里程碑意义的活动所表现出的专注和无私奉献，确实值得我们全心赞美和无限敬仰。我特别要向SGI-USA“战胜暴力”项目表达鼓励，许多有前瞻性的年轻人曾热情参与到这一项目中来。另一先进性的冒险事业是，美国加州创价大学自2009年起引进了一门关于“和平文化”的课程，旨在教育今天的年轻人，让他们能承担自己对世界的责任。我从一开始，就享受到了教育的乐趣。
There is an inherent paradox that we perceive in the level of development reached by the modern world. On one hand， through the process of globalization， an irreversible trend toward a global integrated community is being established， while on the other， divisions and distrust have increased. Through progress in the fields of science and technology， trade and communications we see immense possibilities to change the world for the better. However， disparities and inequalities within and among nations have， over the years， only augmented； causing insecurity and uncertainty that has become an unwanted reality in our lives.
This I have seen first hand as my work took me to the farthest corners of the world. What I have seen has outraged me but also has given me hope and encouragement that there are forces who are determined to turn our planet into a livable place for all and where human dignity has taken strong roots. They are working hard to turn all the negative energies into positive ones so that every individual can realize her or his highest potential and live a secure and fulfilling life. I am always inspired by the human spirit and its resilience and capacity to overcome all adversity.
From Sierra Leone to Sri Lanka， from Mongolia to Mauritius， from Paraguay to the Philippines， from Kosovo to Kazakhstan， from Bhutan to the Bahamas to Burkina Faso， I have seen time and again how people – even the humblest and the weakest – have contributed to building the culture of peace in their personal lives， in their families， in their communities and in their countries. And that ultimately is contributing to build a new and better tomorrow for humanity and to the global movement for the culture of peace.
One lesson that I have learned from this is that to prevent our history of war and conflict from repeating itself - the values of non-violence， tolerance and democracy will have to be inculcated in every woman and man - children and adults alike. Another message comes out loud and clear that we should never forget that when women – half of world’s seven billion people - are marginalized， there is no chance for our world to get sustainable peace in the real sense.
我们对现代社会发展水平的理解存在内在悖论。一方面，通过全球化的过程，全球性的集中社区正以不可逆转的趋势建立起来，而另一方面，分裂和不信任感有所增加。通过科技、贸易和通讯领域的进步，我们看到许多的可能性，世界能变得更美好。然而，各国内部和各国之间的差距和不平等现象，这么多年来都只增不减；造成不安全感和不确定性，已成为我们生活中不应有的现实。 这是我亲眼所见的第一手资料，因为我的工作曾把我带到世界最遥远的角落。我的所见曾经激怒我，但也给了我希望和鼓励。告诉我有一些社会力量决心把我们的地球变成适宜所有人居住的地方，并且人类的尊严已经有了强健的根基。他们正在努力把所有的负面能量转为正面能量，使得每个人都能实现她或他最大的潜力，过上安全和充实的生活。人的精神及其恢复能力和克服所有逆境的能力总是鼓舞着我。
从塞拉利昂到斯里兰卡，从蒙古到毛里求斯，从巴拉圭到菲律宾，从科索沃到哈萨克斯坦，从不丹到巴哈马布基纳法索，我一次又一次见过人们——即使是最卑微和最软弱的——是怎样在为他们的个人生活，家庭，社区和国家建设和平文化做贡献。而这也是为了最终建立人类崭新的，更美好的明天，和为和平文化全球运动做出贡献。
我从中得到的一个教训是，要防止战争和冲突的历史重演——非暴力，宽容和民主的价值观必须灌输给每一个男人和女人——或者说孩子和成人。另一响亮而明确的信息是，我们千万不能忘记，当女性——世界七十亿人的一半—— 被边缘化时，我们的世界没有机会获得真正意义上的持久和平。
The need for the culture of peace is evident as we reflect on how our civilization has succumbed， from time to time， to the human frailties of greed， ambition and selfishness. We have seen that violence is often committed under the veil of public mandates when in fact those are the wishes of the few in power or who have power， be they economic， political， military， or even religious.
As we were coming out of the Cold War and the Super Power rivalry， the foremost anxiety was how we can prepare for peace in the real， sustainable sense. That strengthened my conviction that the flourishing of the culture of peace will generate the mindset in us that is a prerequisite for the transition from force to reason， from conflict and violence to dialogue and peace.
In recent times， we have seen new conflicts breaking out in different parts of the world. For some of the old ones – where we thought we were looking at light at the end of the tunnel – things have gone the opposite direction. It is therefore important that we take a close look at our approaches toward bringing peace to strife torn lands and bridging the gulf of hatred. Lack of real intent has led us to missing the big picture and addressing symptoms not causes. We have to find out where we went wrong. We need to stop forever the killings of innocent children that recently took place in an elementary school in the US. And we have to find better ways to address our concerns. We need to remember that in the hate and violence filled 20th Century， we have seen the power of non-violence in the sacrifices of Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King， Jr. Forces for hatred and intolerance claimed their lives…but not their souls.
在我们反思为何我们的文明不时向贪婪，欲望，自私等人性弱点屈服时，和平文化的必要性已经显而易见了。我们已经看到，暴力往往在公共意志的面纱下犯下罪行，而它们其实只是少数执政者或是在经济，政治，军事，甚至宗教方面掌权的人的愿望。
我们正在走出冷战和超级大国之争，当前最主要的忧虑是我们如何能够为真实的，可持续意义上的和平做准备。我坚信，和平文化的繁荣将使我们产生一种观念，即它是从武力到理性，从冲突和暴力到对话与和平的先决条件。
最近，我们已经见证了新的矛盾在世界的不同地区爆发。对于一些旧的矛盾——原以为在这条矛盾之路的尽头看见了光——可事情正好背道而驰。于是，仔细审视那些将和平带去冲突之地，弥合仇恨之鸿沟的方法，对于我们来说是非常重要的。缺乏真正的目的，使我们忽视了大局，专注解决症状而不是原因。我们必须找出到底是哪出了错。我们需要永远遏制例如最近发生在美国的一所小学那样的，对无辜孩子的杀戮事件。我们必须找到更好的方法来解决我们的忧虑。我们需要记住，在充满仇恨和暴力的20世纪，我们已经从圣雄甘地和小马丁·路德·金的牺牲中看到了非暴力的力量。仇恨的力量和不宽容能彰显它们的存在.....但无法彰显它们的灵魂。 The quest for peace is as old as human history. I say that it is the longest human endeavor or quest going on. It runs along side many of the things that we do on a daily basis. Peace is integral to human existence — in everything we do， in everything we say and in every thought we have， there is a place for peace.
We should not isolate peace as something separate or distant. We should know how to relate to one another without being aggressive， without being violent， without being disrespectful， without neglect， without prejudice. It is important to realize that the absence of peace takes away the opportunities that we need to better ourselves， to prepare ourselves， to empower ourselves to face the challenges of the world. Absence of peace makes our challenges， our struggles， much more difficult.
Most disturbing is that often today’s atrocities are directed to people living in the same community or neighbourhood. Hatred and intolerance have blurred the vision of the perpetrators. [Great differences still exist between peoples and regions -- disparities and inequalities have， over the years， only augmented， causing the world to enter into a new era of insecurity and uncertainty. Despite all the progress， too many people live in extreme poverty and hunger， do not have access to as basic things as clean water or education and health. Unfortunately worst-hit victims of this everywhere are the women and children.]
人类对和平的追求和人类历史本身一样长。我可以说，这是人类所做出最久的努力和追求。它与我们每天做的许多事情并行。和平对于人类存在是不可或缺的——在我们所做的，所说的，所想的每件事中，都有和平的栖身之处。
我们不应该孤立和平，把它当作分离的、遥远的东西。我们应该知道如何在没有侵略，暴力，不尊重，怠慢，偏见的情况下彼此相处。要认识到，和平的缺失也带走了我们为了面对世界的挑战而优化自我、做好准备、充实自我的机会。没有了和平，我们的挑战和奋斗都要艰难许多。
最令人不安的是，往往今天的暴行是针对生活在同一个社区的人或邻居。仇恨和不容忍已经模糊了肇事者的视线。【巨大的差异仍然存在于不同人种和地区之间——差距和不平等多年来只增不减，导致世界进入了一个不安全和不确定的新时代。撇开所有的进步不谈，太多的人生活在极端贫困和饥饿之中，例如无法获得干净的水，教育和医疗这样最基本的东西。不幸的是，受灾最严重的受害者总是妇女和儿童。】
Interdependency of the world， if not addressed with sanity， can change into a social， economic， nuclear or environmental catastrophe. The magnitude of these problems requires all human beings to work together in finding new， workable， realistic solutions.
The first step towards examining the road to peace should start with an understanding of the implications of these realities. Culture of peace will provide the bedrock to support a stable， progressing and prospering world – a world that is finally at peace with itself. In today’s world， more so， it should be seen as the essence of a new humanity， a new global civilization based on inner oneness and outer diversity. Poverty and lack of opportunities deprive people of their dignity as human beings， leaving them hopeless and incapable of pursuing the kind of life they may deserve. I have seen this from close quarters as I traveled extensively in the poorest and most vulnerable countries of the world championing their cause in my last responsibility with the United Nations. Marginalization and abuse because of ethnicity， gender or religion， repression or bias， violence or intolerance are all closely linked to poverty and the concurrent lack of basic human rights. We must not forget that it is not only morally unsupportable but also practically unrealistic to achieve sustainable peace without addressing squarely the crushing problems of poverty and human insecurity. There will be no development without peace， and no peace without development.
Another pre-eminent concern that should get our attention is that the concept of security has for too long been interpreted narrowly as security of territory from external aggression and has been related to the concept of nation-states rather than to peoples. In this process， the legitimate concerns of common people and their perpetual quest for individual security in their daily lives are forgotten. End of cold war has brought to the fore very clearly that many conflicts and their causes are within nations rather than between nations. For most people of the world， a sense of insecurity comes not so much from the traditional security concerns， but from the concerns about their survival， self-preservation and wellbeing in a day to day context. In the irreversible globalization process that has enveloped both national and individual interactions throughout the world， it is absolutely essential that human security in a broader sense should receive priority attention of the international community.
Here I would underscore that apostle of peace President Ikeda particularly emphasizes the positive， active pursuit of peace as opposed to the absence of war that he calls "passive peace". Recognizing the challenging realities of the present day world， he has been focussing on the need for promoting culture of peace - peace through dialogue - peace through non-violence. He has been emphasizing that culture of peace should be the foundation of the new global society. He very appropriately underscores that peace is not something which is distant but it is something which can be pursued through day-to-day efforts by cultivating care and consideration for others. He has highlighted empowerment of people as a major element in building culture of peace and very eloquently emphasized the emergence of women in leading the way for that. 世界的相互依存关系，如果不理智处理，可能会转变成社会的，经济的，核能的或环境上的灾难。这些问题的严重性，要求所有的人一起寻找新的，可行的，现实的解决方案。
检查通往和平道路的第一步应该先从对这些现实的意义的理解开始。和平文化会为支持一个稳定，进步和繁荣的世界提供基石。这个世界最终能与自身达成和平。在当今的世界，它更应该被看作是一种新人类的精髓，一种建立于内部统一性和外部多样性基础上的新的全球文明。
贫穷和缺少机会剥夺人们作为人的尊严，使他们绝望并无力追求他们可能本该得到的生活。我曾经近距离目睹过这样的事，因为我在联合国最后任期时，四处奔走于世界上最贫穷和最脆弱的国家，为他们的事业而斗争。因为种族，性别或宗教而产生的边缘化和虐待，镇压或偏见，暴力或不宽容都与贫困和并发的缺乏基本人权有着密切的联系。我们不能忘记，在没有公正地解决贫困和人类不安全的决定性问题的状态下，获得可持续的和平这不仅是道义上得不到支持，而且行动上也是不现实的。没有和平就没有发展，没有发展就没有和平。
另一个应该引起我们注意的是，安全的概念长久以来都被狭隘地理解为领土免受外来侵略的安全，涉及到的是民族国家的概念，而不是人民。在这个过程中，普通百姓真正关切的事情和他们一直追求的、在日常生活中的个人安全却被遗忘了。冷战的结束让我们清楚地看明白了，很多的冲突及其原因出自国家内部，而非国与国之间。对于世界上大多数人来说，不安全感与其说是来自传统的安全问题，不如说是来自他们在日常环境下对生存，自我保护和福利的忧虑。不可逆转的全球化进程伴随着世界范围内国家之间以及人与人之间的互动，因此国际社会给予人类安全在更广泛意义上的优先重视，这是很有必要的。
在这里，我想强调，和平的使者池田会长特别推崇的是积极，主动追求和平，而不单单是没有战争，即他所称为的“被动和平”。认识到当今世界的挑战性的现实，他注重促进和平文化——通过对话达到和平，通过非暴力达到和平的必要性。他一直强调和平文化应该是新的全球社会的基础。他很恰当地强调，和平并不是什么遥远的东西，而是可以通过日常努力实现的，这种努力指的是每天培养对他人的关心和为他人着想。他强调赋能于人是建设和平文化的主要元素，非常雄辩地强调女性在建设和平文化道路上的存在。
A lot of efforts have been made to promote the culture of peace in global forums. The United Nations designated 2000 as the “International Year of the Culture of Peace” and of the years 2001 to 2010 as the “International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-violence for the Children of the World.” In 1999， the United Nations adopted the Declaration and Programme of Action on the Culture of Peace， a monumental document that transcends boundaries， cultures， societies and nations. It was an honour for me to Chair the nine-month long negotiations that led to the adoption of this historic norm-setting document that is considered as one of the most significant legacies of the United Nations that would endure generations. Through this landmark adoption， the General Assembly laid down humanity’s charter for the new approaching millennium. Unlike many General Assembly documents， the Programme is action-oriented. Identifying eight specific areas， it encourages actions at all levels – the individual， the family， the community， the nation， the region and the global level. The principles of the culture of peace were re-affirmed at the largest ever gatherings of the world’s leaders at the UN Millennium Summit in 2000 and the follow up World Summit in 2005.
These are very important developments. However， a lot more needs to be done if the culture of peace is to have the necessary impact on poverty and conflict and above all on us as individuals， on each one of us. It needs to move out of the international conference rooms to national parliaments， local governments， village councils and homes. It needs to be transformed into a truly universal movement that guides policy actions as much as individual conduct. In short， we need to build a global citizenry whose everyday actions are guided by the values of peace and justice. Fortunately， turning the culture of peace into a global， universal movement is not an expensive venture. It requires no grand scheme. All that is needed is for every one of us to be a true believer in peace and non-violence， and to practice what we profess. Whether it is at events such as this， in places of worship， in schools or in our homes， a lot can be achieved in promoting the culture of peace through individual resolve and action. Peace and non-violence should become a part of our daily existence. This is the only way we shall achieve a just and sustainable peace in the world.
为促进和平文化，全球论坛已经做出很多的努力。联合国指定2000年为“和平文化国际年”，并把从2001年至2010指定为“和平文化与为了世界儿童的非暴力国际十年”。1999年，联合国通过了和平文化行动的宣言和纲领，这是一个里程碑式的文件，它超越了国界，文化，社会和民族。我很荣幸地主持了为期九个月的谈判，并最终通过了这一具有历史意义的用于制定规范的文件，它被认为是适用于几代人的联合国最具影响力的遗产之一。这一具有里程碑意义文件的采纳，联合国大会为了新千年的到来制定了人类的宪章。与联合国大会许多文件不同，该计划是以行动为核心。它确定八项具体领域，鼓励在各个层面采取行动——个人，家庭，社区，国家，地区和全球层面。在2000年的联合国千年首脑会议和后续的2005年世界首脑会议这样有史以来最大规模的世界各国领导人聚会上，和平文化的原则被重新确认了。
这些都是非常重大的发展。然而，要让和平文化对贫困和冲突，最重要的是对我们个人产生必要的影响，我们仍需不断努力。它需要走出国际会议室，来到国家议会，地方政府，村委会和家庭。它需要被转化为指导方针政策，同时也指引个人行为的真正普遍的运动。总之，我们需要和平与正义的价值观引导全球公民的日常行动。
幸运的是，把和平文化变成全球性的，普遍的运动不是一项昂贵的冒险。它不需要宏伟的计划，所需要的只是我们每个人都是和平与非暴力的真正信徒，并实践我们所信奉的理念。无论是在像这样的活动中，在宗教场所，学校或在家里，通过个人的决心和行动促进和平文化都可以有很多收获。和平与非暴力应该成为我们日常生存的一部分。这是我们实现世界的公正和持久和平的唯一途径。
Here， I would like to make a special reference to the role of the family in promoting a culture of peace. As the oldest institution in human history， family is absolutely at the core of promotion of culture of peace. Younger members of the society， growing up in a family that teaches them the virtues of tolerance， harmony and understanding， will grow up with the right values that inculcate culture of peace.
In my introduction to the 2008 publication “Peace Education：A Pathway to a Culture of Peace”， I wrote， “ As Maria Montessori had articulated so appropriately， those who want a violent way of living， prepare young people for that； but those， who want peace have neglected their young children and adolescents and that way are unable to organize them for peace. However， the last decades of violence and human insecurity had led to a growing realization in the world of education today that children should be educated in the art of peaceful living. As a result， more and more peace concepts， attitudes， values and social skills are being integrated into school curricula in many countries. It is being increasingly realized that over-emphasis on cognitive learning in schools at the cost of developing children’s emotional， social， moral and humanistic aspects has been a costly mistake. In UNICEF， peace education is very succinctly defined as “the process of promoting the knowledge， skills， attitudes and values needed to bring about behaviour change that will enable children， youth and adults to prevent conflict and violence， both overt and structural； to resolve conflict peacefully； and to create the conditions conducive to peace， whether at an interpersonal， intergroup， national or international level”.
在这里，我想特别指出家庭在促进和平文化中的作用。作为人类历史上最古老的机构，家庭绝对是促进和平文化的核心。社会的年轻成员，如果成长在一个教导宽容，和谐与理解的美德的家庭中，他们会在浸润着和平文化的正确价值观中长大。
在我2008年出版的《和平教育：通往和平文化的道路》的引言中曾写道，“正如蒙台梭利阐述过的，那些想要以暴力方式生活的人，可以让年轻人来实施暴力；而那些想要和平却忽略了年幼的孩子和青少年的人们，是无法将他们组织起来争取和平的。然而，过去几十年的暴力和人的不安全导致了当今世界的教育界越来越认识到，孩子们应该在和平生活的艺术中受到教育。这样一来，越来越多的和平理念，态度，价值观和社交能力正被纳入许多国家的学校课程中。人们越来越认识到，过分强调认知能力的学习，而牺牲孩子在情感，社会，道德和人文方面的发展是一种代价高昂的错误。
在联合国儿童基金会，和平教育被非常简洁的定义为“为了能使儿童，青少年和成年人做出行为上的改变，来防止发生公开或组织上的冲突和暴力事件而宣传所需的知识，技能，态度和价值观；和平解决冲突；在人与人之间，团体之间，国家或国际层面上创造有利于和平的条件的过程。”
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon asserted on 14 September last year at the High Level Forum on the Culture of Peace at the United Nations that “A key ingredient in building culture of peace is education. We are here to talk about how to create this culture of peace. I have a simple， one-word answer： education. Through education， we teach children not to hate. Through education， we raise leaders who act with wisdom and compassion. Through education， we establish a true， lasting culture of peace.” He went on to say “Next week， I will launch a new global initiative called Education First. The aim is to bring together all partners. We want to give every child the chance to attend school. We want them to have quality lessons. And we want to strengthen their core values. This is how we build a culture of peace.” To be worthwhile， this global initiative needs to focus on building the culture of peace for humanity.
Peace education needs to be accepted in all parts of the world， in all societies and countries as an essential element in creating culture of peace. To meet effectively the challenges posed by the present complexity of our time， the young of today deserves a radically different education –“one that does not glorify war but educates for peace， non-violence and international cooperation.” They need the skills and knowledge to create and nurture peace for their individual selves as well as for the world they belong to. Learning about the culture of peace having the potential of personal transformation should be incorporated in all educational institutions as part of their curricula， and should become an essential part of our educational processes as reading and writing. Never has it been more important for us to learn about the world and understand its diversity. The task of educating children and young people to find non-aggressive means to relate with one another is of primary importance. As I had underscored at the conference on “Educating toward a World without Violence” in Albania in 2004， “the participation of young people in this process is very essential. Their inputs in terms of their own ideas on how to cooperate with each other in order to eliminate violence in our societies must be fully taken into account.”
联合国秘书长潘基文去年9月14日在联合国和平文化高级论坛中宣称，“建设和平文化的关键因素是教育。我们在这里是为了讨论如何创造和平文化。我有一个简单的，一个词的答案：教育。通过教育，我们教育孩子不要去恨。通过教育，我们推选出凭借智慧与同情心胜出的领导者。通过教育，我们建立真正的，持久的和平文化。”他接着说，“下周，我将推出一个新的全球呼吁活动，名叫教育第一。目的是把所有的同伴集合起来。我们希望让每个孩子有机会上学。我们希望他们能有高质量的课程。我们想要加强他们的核心价值观。这就是我们如何建立和平文化。”为了更有价值，这一全球呼吁活动需要把重点放在为人类建立和平文化上。
和平教育必须在世界各地，在所有的社会和国家，作为创造和平文化的一项基本要素而被接受。为了有效地面对我们这个时代存在的复杂性所带来的挑战，今天的年轻人，应该拥有完全不同的教育——“没有美化战争，而是灌输和平，非暴力和国际合作的教育。”他们需要技能和知识来为他们自己以及他们所在的世界创造和培育和平。学习和平文化，拥有个人转型的潜力应被所有教育机构作为课程的一部分，应该成为教育过程中阅读和写作的必要组成部分。
我们了解世界，理解它的多样性从来没有像现在这么重要。教育儿童及青少年找到与彼此产生非侵略性联系的任务是最重要的。正如我曾在2004年阿尔巴尼亚“教育通向无暴力世界”会议上强调的，“年轻人在这个过程中的参与是非常必要的。他们在如何互相合作来消除社会中暴力行为的想法必须被充分考虑。
All educational institutions need to offer opportunities that prepare the students not only to live fulfilling lives but also to be responsible and productive citizens of the world. For that， educators need to introduce holistic and empowering curricula that cultivate a culture of peace in each and every young mind. The Global Campaign for Peace Education has continued to contribute in a meaningful way towards this objective and must receive our continuous support.
Peace education is more effective and meaningful when it is adopted according to the social and cultural context and the country’s needs and aspirations. It should be enriched by its cultural and spiritual values together with the universal human values. It should also be globally relevant. In its essence， peace education as articulated by the Hague Agenda encourages reflection， critical thinking， cooperation， and responsible action. It promotes multiculturalism and values of dignity and equality. Their campaign rightly emphasizes that “…culture of peace will be achieved when citizens of the world understand global problems； have the skills to resolve conflicts constructively； know and live by international standards of human rights， gender and racial equality； appreciate cultural diversity； and respect the integrity of the Earth.” Indeed， this should be more appropriately called “education for global citizenship”. Such learning cannot be achieved without well-intentioned， sustained， and systematic peace education that leads the way to the culture of peace. Essence of such education is obviously SELF TRANSFORMATION. In addition to expanding the capacity of the students to understand the issues， peace education should aim particularly at empowering the students， suited to their individual levels， to become agents of peace and nonviolence in their own lives as well as in their interaction with others in every sphere of their existence.
所有教育机构不仅需要提供学生充实生活的机会，也要给他们成为对世界来说富有责任感和生产力的公民的机会。为此，教育工作者需要引进整体性和赋能的课程，以便在每个年轻人的思想中培育和平文化。全球和平教育运动一直在朝着这个目标前进，并以有意义的方式作出贡献，也必须得到我们不断的支持。
当依照社会和文化背景，国家的需求和愿望而被采用时，和平教育更为有效和有意义。它的文化和精神价值应与人类的普遍价值一起得到充实。它也应是全球相互关联着的。在本质上，和平教育正如海牙议程中所阐述的，鼓励思考、批判性思维、合作和负责任的行动。它促进多元文化，有尊严和平等的价值观。他们的运动正确地强调，“......和平文化要得以实现，只有当全世界的公民了解全球性问题；有能力有建设性地解决冲突；了解并依靠人权的，性别的和种族平等的国际标准生存；欣赏文化的多样性；尊重地球的完整性。”事实上，这应该被更恰当地称为“教育世界公民”。没有出于善意的、持续的、系统的、以和平文化为目的和平教育，这样的学习不可能实现。显而易见的，这种教育的本质是自我转化。
除了增强学生的能力来让他们了解问题，和平教育特别应该赋能给学生，因材施教，让他们成为自己生活中以及和别人互动时，和平与非暴力的代理人。
Targeting the individual is meaningful because there cannot be true peace unless the individual mind is at peace. Connecting the role of individuals to broader global objectives， Dr. Martin Luther King Junior affirmed that "An individual has not started living until he can rise above the narrow confines of his individualistic concerns to the broader concerns of all humanity." The UN Programme of Action on the Culture of Peace pays special attention to the individual’s self transformation.
In this context， I would reiterate that women in particular have a major role to play in promoting the culture of peace in our violence-ridden societies， thereby bringing in lasting peace and reconciliation. While women are often the first victims of armed conflict， they must also and always be recognized as key to the resolution of the conflict. It is my strong belief that unless women are engaged in advancing the culture of peace at equal levels with men， sustainable peace would continue to elude us.
A statement from the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995 declared that "the dynamic movement towards a culture of peace derives inspiration and hope from women's visions and actions". It further underscores that full respect for the human rights of women； the release of women's creative potential in all aspects of life； the equal participation of women in decision-making； equal access to educational opportunities for woman and girls； the promotion of equality between women and men are all seen as prerequisites to attaining the culture of peace. The core message of this 1995 statement continues to be equally relevant today. From Burundi to Cambodia to Sierra Leone to Northern Ireland and the Middle East， women have shown great capacity as peacemakers. They assumed activist roles while holding together their families and communities. At the grassroots and community levels， women have organized to resist militarization， to create space for dialogue and moderation and to weave together the shattered fabric of society. Through my field experiences， I am proud to recognize that involvement of women in the peace process in various conflict–ridden parts of the world has contributed immensely to ensuring longer term benefits for their present as well as future generations. As has been rightly said， “Without peace， development is impossible， and without women， neither peace nor development can take place.”
Peace educator Loreta Navarro-Castro has emphasized that “our work is a never-ending one. It is always a ‘work in progress’. The challenges seem never to end and we are always in the ‘alert mode’ because of the continuing and at times increasing threats to human and ecological well-being.” Peace education needs to be transformative， forward-looking， adaptive， comprehensive and empowering. The work for peace is a continuous process and I am convinced that culture of peace is absolutely the most essential vehicle for realizing the goals and objectives of the United Nations in the twenty-first century.
以个人作为目标是极有意义的，因为除非个人的心是平静的，否则不可能有真正的和平。连接着个人的角色，开拓着更广阔的全球目标的小马丁·路德·金博士曾肯定说：“直到他能把他狭窄的个人烦恼上升为全人类的更广义的忧虑，一个人并没有真正地开始生活。”联合国和平文化活动计划特别重视个人的自我改造。
在这样的前提下，我想重申，在充斥着暴力的社会中，女性在促进和平文化，从而带来持久和平与和解方面发挥着重要的作用。而女性往往是武装冲突的第一批受害者，她们也必须始终作为解决冲突的关键得到承认。我坚信，除非女性与男子同等程度地投身于促进和平文化的事业中，否则可持续的和平将继续躲避我们。
1995年，在北京召开的第四次世界妇女大会发布了一项声明称，“迈向和平文化的运动充满活力，其灵感与希望来源于女性的视野和行动”。它进一步强调了对妇女人权的充分尊重；妇女创造潜力在生活各个方面的释放；妇女在决策中的平等参与；妇女和女孩平等地获得受教育的机会；促进男女之间的平等都被视为实现和平文化的先决条件。时至今日，该项声明的核心信息仍然同样重要。
从布隆迪到柬埔寨，塞拉利昂，北爱尔兰和中东地区，女性都表现出作为和平缔造者的极大的能量。她们呈现出积极分子的角色，同时维系着她们的家庭和社区。在基层和社区一级，妇女组织起来抵抗军事化，创造对话和缓和的空间，一起编织破碎的社会结构。通过我的实际经验，我很自豪地认识到妇女在世界各冲突频发地区对和平进程的参与，为保证自己以及子孙后的长远利益作出了极大的贡献。正如有人指出的一样，“如果没有和平，发展是不可能的，没有女人，和平与发展都不可能发生。”
和平教育者洛雷纳瓦罗卡斯特罗强调，“我们的工作是永无止境的。它始终是一个“正在进行的工作”。挑战似乎永远不会结束，因为对人类和生态福祉的威胁一直存在着，有时甚至激增，所以我们总是处于“警戒模式”。“和平教育必须是有变革性，前瞻性，适应性，综合性和赋能性的。争取和平的事业是一个持续的过程，我相信，和平文化绝对是联合国实现二十一世纪各种目标的最重要工具。
Let me conclude by urging all of you most earnestly that we need to encourage the young people to be themselves， to build their own character， their own personality， which is embedded with understanding， tolerance and respect for diversity and in solidarity with rest of humanity. I believe that to be very important， and we need to convey that to the young people. This is the minimum we can do as adults. We should everything to empower them in the real sense， and I feel that such empowerment is going to stay with them for life. That is the significance of the Culture of Peace. That is its essence. It is the process of changing each one of us so that we become the agents of peace. It is not something temporary like resolving a conflict in one area or between communities without transforming and empowering people to sustain peace. The journey that we commenced into the new millennium will demand strength， dedication and sacrifice from each of us. As the great advocate for peace Daisaku Ikeda has exhorted， "Path to peace has not been and will not be easy， but never be defeated". We have to keep striving with all of our intellectual and spiritual energy and determination for a better world， based on principles of freedom， justice， democracy， tolerance， solidarity， dialogue， understanding and respect for diversity.
Albert Einstein once said， "The world is a dangerous place to live， not because of the people who are evil， but because of the people who don't do anything about it."
让我最真切地叮嘱大家，我们需要鼓励年轻人做自己，培养自己的特质和个性，这是基于理解、宽容、尊重多样性和与别人团结相处的基础上的。我认为这是非常重要的，我们要传达给年轻人。这是我们作为成年人至少要做到的。我们应该在真正意义上赋能给年轻人，我觉得这种能力是会一辈子留在他们的生活中。这是和平文化的重要意义。这是它的本质，这是改变我们每个人，使我们成为和平代理人的过程。这不是那种还没改变人们并赋能给他们，就让他们维持和平，急着解决一个地区或社区之间的冲突的暂时和平。
新千年旅程的开始需要我们每一个人的力量，奉献和牺牲。正如和平的伟大倡导者池田大作所告诫的那样，“通往和平的道路从来不是，也永远不会是一帆风顺的，但不要认输。”我们必须用我们所有的智力，精神能量和决心来为建设一个更好的世界而努力，这个世界应该基于对自由，正义，民主，宽容，团结，对话，理解和尊重多样性。
爱因斯坦曾经说过，“世界是一个危险的居住地，不是因为那些邪恶的人，而是因为那些对此不闻不问的人。”
Let us not sit back any more. The time to act is NOW.
Let us be the activists for the change we believe in.
让我们不要坐视不理了。现在就开始行动。
让我们成为我们所相信的改变中的积极分子。
It is an appropriate occasion for all of us to renew and rededicate our efforts and energies for the full and effective implementation of these norm-setting documents of the United Nations.
In view of this， 2014 UN High Level Forum on The Culture of Peace convened by the General Assembly President on 9 September assumes particular significance.
On this occasion， UNITY is honored to receive the permission to publish this keynote speech by Ambassador Anwarul K. Chowdhury who steered the nine-month long negotiations of the General Assembly in 1998-99 resulting in these landmark documents."
编者按：2014年9月13日，联合国大会纪念鼓舞人心的“和平文化宣言与行动纲领”被普遍采用15周年的活动落下帷幕。
这是一个非常合适的场合，让我们重新投入努力和精力，去全面而有效地实施联合国这些用来制定规范的文件。
基于这一点，由联合国大会主席组织的联合国和平文化高级别论坛具有特殊的意义，该论坛将于2014年9月9日组织召开。
这一次，联合国青年技术培训杂志有幸发表安瓦鲁·K·乔德哈瑞大使的这篇主旨演讲。大使先生领导了联合国大会在1998-1999年间长达九个月的谈判，并取得了具有里程碑意义的文件。I am honored to open the San Francisco SGI-USA Culture of Peace Resource Center and its Distinguished Speaker Series for engaging the Bay Area community in dialogue and interaction for peace. Hosting the Center in the birthplace of the United Nations and its Charter makes it especially meaningful. I also recall the significance of the fact that President Daisaku Ikeda of the SGI set foot in this city in October 1960 commencing his tour of the mainland USA.
I am deeply touched by the honor accorded me by the opportunity to inaugurate all the previous five Culture of Peace Resource Centers in the United States beginning in 2007. The focus and commitment that the Soka Gakkai International-USA has shown over the years for advancing this landmark initiative of the United Nations truly deserve our whole-hearted praise and unbounded admiration. I would particularly extend my encouragement to the SGI-USA’s Victory over Violence programme which has the keen involvement of the forward-looking young people. Another pioneering venture has been the introduction of a course on “The Culture of Peace” since 2009 at the Soka University of America in California aimed at preparing today’s young for their global responsibility. I have the pleasure of teaching that course since the beginning.
我很荣幸能参加旧金山美国创价会（SGI-USA）和平资源中心的落成典礼，成为诸多杰出演讲者中的第一个演讲者，这些演讲旨在使湾区社区参与对话和互动。在联合国及其宪章的发祥地主持该中心的落成典礼，显得格外有意义。我又想起了另一件有重要意义的事，1960年10月，SGI会长池田大作就是从这个城市开始他巡回美国本土的旅程。 能主持美国自2007年起所有五个和平资源中心的落成典礼，我感到荣幸，并为这种荣誉所深深感动。美国国际创价学会多年来为在联合国推动这种具有里程碑意义的活动所表现出的专注和无私奉献，确实值得我们全心赞美和无限敬仰。我特别要向SGI-USA“战胜暴力”项目表达鼓励，许多有前瞻性的年轻人曾热情参与到这一项目中来。另一先进性的冒险事业是，美国加州创价大学自2009年起引进了一门关于“和平文化”的课程，旨在教育今天的年轻人，让他们能承担自己对世界的责任。我从一开始，就享受到了教育的乐趣。
There is an inherent paradox that we perceive in the level of development reached by the modern world. On one hand， through the process of globalization， an irreversible trend toward a global integrated community is being established， while on the other， divisions and distrust have increased. Through progress in the fields of science and technology， trade and communications we see immense possibilities to change the world for the better. However， disparities and inequalities within and among nations have， over the years， only augmented； causing insecurity and uncertainty that has become an unwanted reality in our lives.
This I have seen first hand as my work took me to the farthest corners of the world. What I have seen has outraged me but also has given me hope and encouragement that there are forces who are determined to turn our planet into a livable place for all and where human dignity has taken strong roots. They are working hard to turn all the negative energies into positive ones so that every individual can realize her or his highest potential and live a secure and fulfilling life. I am always inspired by the human spirit and its resilience and capacity to overcome all adversity.
From Sierra Leone to Sri Lanka， from Mongolia to Mauritius， from Paraguay to the Philippines， from Kosovo to Kazakhstan， from Bhutan to the Bahamas to Burkina Faso， I have seen time and again how people – even the humblest and the weakest – have contributed to building the culture of peace in their personal lives， in their families， in their communities and in their countries. And that ultimately is contributing to build a new and better tomorrow for humanity and to the global movement for the culture of peace.
One lesson that I have learned from this is that to prevent our history of war and conflict from repeating itself - the values of non-violence， tolerance and democracy will have to be inculcated in every woman and man - children and adults alike. Another message comes out loud and clear that we should never forget that when women – half of world’s seven billion people - are marginalized， there is no chance for our world to get sustainable peace in the real sense.
我们对现代社会发展水平的理解存在内在悖论。一方面，通过全球化的过程，全球性的集中社区正以不可逆转的趋势建立起来，而另一方面，分裂和不信任感有所增加。通过科技、贸易和通讯领域的进步，我们看到许多的可能性，世界能变得更美好。然而，各国内部和各国之间的差距和不平等现象，这么多年来都只增不减；造成不安全感和不确定性，已成为我们生活中不应有的现实。 这是我亲眼所见的第一手资料，因为我的工作曾把我带到世界最遥远的角落。我的所见曾经激怒我，但也给了我希望和鼓励。告诉我有一些社会力量决心把我们的地球变成适宜所有人居住的地方，并且人类的尊严已经有了强健的根基。他们正在努力把所有的负面能量转为正面能量，使得每个人都能实现她或他最大的潜力，过上安全和充实的生活。人的精神及其恢复能力和克服所有逆境的能力总是鼓舞着我。
从塞拉利昂到斯里兰卡，从蒙古到毛里求斯，从巴拉圭到菲律宾，从科索沃到哈萨克斯坦，从不丹到巴哈马布基纳法索，我一次又一次见过人们——即使是最卑微和最软弱的——是怎样在为他们的个人生活，家庭，社区和国家建设和平文化做贡献。而这也是为了最终建立人类崭新的，更美好的明天，和为和平文化全球运动做出贡献。
我从中得到的一个教训是，要防止战争和冲突的历史重演——非暴力，宽容和民主的价值观必须灌输给每一个男人和女人——或者说孩子和成人。另一响亮而明确的信息是，我们千万不能忘记，当女性——世界七十亿人的一半—— 被边缘化时，我们的世界没有机会获得真正意义上的持久和平。
The need for the culture of peace is evident as we reflect on how our civilization has succumbed， from time to time， to the human frailties of greed， ambition and selfishness. We have seen that violence is often committed under the veil of public mandates when in fact those are the wishes of the few in power or who have power， be they economic， political， military， or even religious.
As we were coming out of the Cold War and the Super Power rivalry， the foremost anxiety was how we can prepare for peace in the real， sustainable sense. That strengthened my conviction that the flourishing of the culture of peace will generate the mindset in us that is a prerequisite for the transition from force to reason， from conflict and violence to dialogue and peace.
In recent times， we have seen new conflicts breaking out in different parts of the world. For some of the old ones – where we thought we were looking at light at the end of the tunnel – things have gone the opposite direction. It is therefore important that we take a close look at our approaches toward bringing peace to strife torn lands and bridging the gulf of hatred. Lack of real intent has led us to missing the big picture and addressing symptoms not causes. We have to find out where we went wrong. We need to stop forever the killings of innocent children that recently took place in an elementary school in the US. And we have to find better ways to address our concerns. We need to remember that in the hate and violence filled 20th Century， we have seen the power of non-violence in the sacrifices of Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King， Jr. Forces for hatred and intolerance claimed their lives…but not their souls.
在我们反思为何我们的文明不时向贪婪，欲望，自私等人性弱点屈服时，和平文化的必要性已经显而易见了。我们已经看到，暴力往往在公共意志的面纱下犯下罪行，而它们其实只是少数执政者或是在经济，政治，军事，甚至宗教方面掌权的人的愿望。
我们正在走出冷战和超级大国之争，当前最主要的忧虑是我们如何能够为真实的，可持续意义上的和平做准备。我坚信，和平文化的繁荣将使我们产生一种观念，即它是从武力到理性，从冲突和暴力到对话与和平的先决条件。
最近，我们已经见证了新的矛盾在世界的不同地区爆发。对于一些旧的矛盾——原以为在这条矛盾之路的尽头看见了光——可事情正好背道而驰。于是，仔细审视那些将和平带去冲突之地，弥合仇恨之鸿沟的方法，对于我们来说是非常重要的。缺乏真正的目的，使我们忽视了大局，专注解决症状而不是原因。我们必须找出到底是哪出了错。我们需要永远遏制例如最近发生在美国的一所小学那样的，对无辜孩子的杀戮事件。我们必须找到更好的方法来解决我们的忧虑。我们需要记住，在充满仇恨和暴力的20世纪，我们已经从圣雄甘地和小马丁·路德·金的牺牲中看到了非暴力的力量。仇恨的力量和不宽容能彰显它们的存在.....但无法彰显它们的灵魂。 The quest for peace is as old as human history. I say that it is the longest human endeavor or quest going on. It runs along side many of the things that we do on a daily basis. Peace is integral to human existence — in everything we do， in everything we say and in every thought we have， there is a place for peace.
We should not isolate peace as something separate or distant. We should know how to relate to one another without being aggressive， without being violent， without being disrespectful， without neglect， without prejudice. It is important to realize that the absence of peace takes away the opportunities that we need to better ourselves， to prepare ourselves， to empower ourselves to face the challenges of the world. Absence of peace makes our challenges， our struggles， much more difficult.
Most disturbing is that often today’s atrocities are directed to people living in the same community or neighbourhood. Hatred and intolerance have blurred the vision of the perpetrators. [Great differences still exist between peoples and regions -- disparities and inequalities have， over the years， only augmented， causing the world to enter into a new era of insecurity and uncertainty. Despite all the progress， too many people live in extreme poverty and hunger， do not have access to as basic things as clean water or education and health. Unfortunately worst-hit victims of this everywhere are the women and children.]
人类对和平的追求和人类历史本身一样长。我可以说，这是人类所做出最久的努力和追求。它与我们每天做的许多事情并行。和平对于人类存在是不可或缺的——在我们所做的，所说的，所想的每件事中，都有和平的栖身之处。
我们不应该孤立和平，把它当作分离的、遥远的东西。我们应该知道如何在没有侵略，暴力，不尊重，怠慢，偏见的情况下彼此相处。要认识到，和平的缺失也带走了我们为了面对世界的挑战而优化自我、做好准备、充实自我的机会。没有了和平，我们的挑战和奋斗都要艰难许多。
最令人不安的是，往往今天的暴行是针对生活在同一个社区的人或邻居。仇恨和不容忍已经模糊了肇事者的视线。【巨大的差异仍然存在于不同人种和地区之间——差距和不平等多年来只增不减，导致世界进入了一个不安全和不确定的新时代。撇开所有的进步不谈，太多的人生活在极端贫困和饥饿之中，例如无法获得干净的水，教育和医疗这样最基本的东西。不幸的是，受灾最严重的受害者总是妇女和儿童。】
Interdependency of the world， if not addressed with sanity， can change into a social， economic， nuclear or environmental catastrophe. The magnitude of these problems requires all human beings to work together in finding new， workable， realistic solutions.
The first step towards examining the road to peace should start with an understanding of the implications of these realities. Culture of peace will provide the bedrock to support a stable， progressing and prospering world – a world that is finally at peace with itself. In today’s world， more so， it should be seen as the essence of a new humanity， a new global civilization based on inner oneness and outer diversity. Poverty and lack of opportunities deprive people of their dignity as human beings， leaving them hopeless and incapable of pursuing the kind of life they may deserve. I have seen this from close quarters as I traveled extensively in the poorest and most vulnerable countries of the world championing their cause in my last responsibility with the United Nations. Marginalization and abuse because of ethnicity， gender or religion， repression or bias， violence or intolerance are all closely linked to poverty and the concurrent lack of basic human rights. We must not forget that it is not only morally unsupportable but also practically unrealistic to achieve sustainable peace without addressing squarely the crushing problems of poverty and human insecurity. There will be no development without peace， and no peace without development.
Another pre-eminent concern that should get our attention is that the concept of security has for too long been interpreted narrowly as security of territory from external aggression and has been related to the concept of nation-states rather than to peoples. In this process， the legitimate concerns of common people and their perpetual quest for individual security in their daily lives are forgotten. End of cold war has brought to the fore very clearly that many conflicts and their causes are within nations rather than between nations. For most people of the world， a sense of insecurity comes not so much from the traditional security concerns， but from the concerns about their survival， self-preservation and wellbeing in a day to day context. In the irreversible globalization process that has enveloped both national and individual interactions throughout the world， it is absolutely essential that human security in a broader sense should receive priority attention of the international community.
Here I would underscore that apostle of peace President Ikeda particularly emphasizes the positive， active pursuit of peace as opposed to the absence of war that he calls "passive peace". Recognizing the challenging realities of the present day world， he has been focussing on the need for promoting culture of peace - peace through dialogue - peace through non-violence. He has been emphasizing that culture of peace should be the foundation of the new global society. He very appropriately underscores that peace is not something which is distant but it is something which can be pursued through day-to-day efforts by cultivating care and consideration for others. He has highlighted empowerment of people as a major element in building culture of peace and very eloquently emphasized the emergence of women in leading the way for that. 世界的相互依存关系，如果不理智处理，可能会转变成社会的，经济的，核能的或环境上的灾难。这些问题的严重性，要求所有的人一起寻找新的，可行的，现实的解决方案。
检查通往和平道路的第一步应该先从对这些现实的意义的理解开始。和平文化会为支持一个稳定，进步和繁荣的世界提供基石。这个世界最终能与自身达成和平。在当今的世界，它更应该被看作是一种新人类的精髓，一种建立于内部统一性和外部多样性基础上的新的全球文明。
贫穷和缺少机会剥夺人们作为人的尊严，使他们绝望并无力追求他们可能本该得到的生活。我曾经近距离目睹过这样的事，因为我在联合国最后任期时，四处奔走于世界上最贫穷和最脆弱的国家，为他们的事业而斗争。因为种族，性别或宗教而产生的边缘化和虐待，镇压或偏见，暴力或不宽容都与贫困和并发的缺乏基本人权有着密切的联系。我们不能忘记，在没有公正地解决贫困和人类不安全的决定性问题的状态下，获得可持续的和平这不仅是道义上得不到支持，而且行动上也是不现实的。没有和平就没有发展，没有发展就没有和平。
另一个应该引起我们注意的是，安全的概念长久以来都被狭隘地理解为领土免受外来侵略的安全，涉及到的是民族国家的概念，而不是人民。在这个过程中，普通百姓真正关切的事情和他们一直追求的、在日常生活中的个人安全却被遗忘了。冷战的结束让我们清楚地看明白了，很多的冲突及其原因出自国家内部，而非国与国之间。对于世界上大多数人来说，不安全感与其说是来自传统的安全问题，不如说是来自他们在日常环境下对生存，自我保护和福利的忧虑。不可逆转的全球化进程伴随着世界范围内国家之间以及人与人之间的互动，因此国际社会给予人类安全在更广泛意义上的优先重视，这是很有必要的。
在这里，我想强调，和平的使者池田会长特别推崇的是积极，主动追求和平，而不单单是没有战争，即他所称为的“被动和平”。认识到当今世界的挑战性的现实，他注重促进和平文化——通过对话达到和平，通过非暴力达到和平的必要性。他一直强调和平文化应该是新的全球社会的基础。他很恰当地强调，和平并不是什么遥远的东西，而是可以通过日常努力实现的，这种努力指的是每天培养对他人的关心和为他人着想。他强调赋能于人是建设和平文化的主要元素，非常雄辩地强调女性在建设和平文化道路上的存在。
A lot of efforts have been made to promote the culture of peace in global forums. The United Nations designated 2000 as the “International Year of the Culture of Peace” and of the years 2001 to 2010 as the “International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-violence for the Children of the World.” In 1999， the United Nations adopted the Declaration and Programme of Action on the Culture of Peace， a monumental document that transcends boundaries， cultures， societies and nations. It was an honour for me to Chair the nine-month long negotiations that led to the adoption of this historic norm-setting document that is considered as one of the most significant legacies of the United Nations that would endure generations. Through this landmark adoption， the General Assembly laid down humanity’s charter for the new approaching millennium. Unlike many General Assembly documents， the Programme is action-oriented. Identifying eight specific areas， it encourages actions at all levels – the individual， the family， the community， the nation， the region and the global level. The principles of the culture of peace were re-affirmed at the largest ever gatherings of the world’s leaders at the UN Millennium Summit in 2000 and the follow up World Summit in 2005.
These are very important developments. However， a lot more needs to be done if the culture of peace is to have the necessary impact on poverty and conflict and above all on us as individuals， on each one of us. It needs to move out of the international conference rooms to national parliaments， local governments， village councils and homes. It needs to be transformed into a truly universal movement that guides policy actions as much as individual conduct. In short， we need to build a global citizenry whose everyday actions are guided by the values of peace and justice. Fortunately， turning the culture of peace into a global， universal movement is not an expensive venture. It requires no grand scheme. All that is needed is for every one of us to be a true believer in peace and non-violence， and to practice what we profess. Whether it is at events such as this， in places of worship， in schools or in our homes， a lot can be achieved in promoting the culture of peace through individual resolve and action. Peace and non-violence should become a part of our daily existence. This is the only way we shall achieve a just and sustainable peace in the world.
为促进和平文化，全球论坛已经做出很多的努力。联合国指定2000年为“和平文化国际年”，并把从2001年至2010指定为“和平文化与为了世界儿童的非暴力国际十年”。1999年，联合国通过了和平文化行动的宣言和纲领，这是一个里程碑式的文件，它超越了国界，文化，社会和民族。我很荣幸地主持了为期九个月的谈判，并最终通过了这一具有历史意义的用于制定规范的文件，它被认为是适用于几代人的联合国最具影响力的遗产之一。这一具有里程碑意义文件的采纳，联合国大会为了新千年的到来制定了人类的宪章。与联合国大会许多文件不同，该计划是以行动为核心。它确定八项具体领域，鼓励在各个层面采取行动——个人，家庭，社区，国家，地区和全球层面。在2000年的联合国千年首脑会议和后续的2005年世界首脑会议这样有史以来最大规模的世界各国领导人聚会上，和平文化的原则被重新确认了。
这些都是非常重大的发展。然而，要让和平文化对贫困和冲突，最重要的是对我们个人产生必要的影响，我们仍需不断努力。它需要走出国际会议室，来到国家议会，地方政府，村委会和家庭。它需要被转化为指导方针政策，同时也指引个人行为的真正普遍的运动。总之，我们需要和平与正义的价值观引导全球公民的日常行动。
幸运的是，把和平文化变成全球性的，普遍的运动不是一项昂贵的冒险。它不需要宏伟的计划，所需要的只是我们每个人都是和平与非暴力的真正信徒，并实践我们所信奉的理念。无论是在像这样的活动中，在宗教场所，学校或在家里，通过个人的决心和行动促进和平文化都可以有很多收获。和平与非暴力应该成为我们日常生存的一部分。这是我们实现世界的公正和持久和平的唯一途径。
Here， I would like to make a special reference to the role of the family in promoting a culture of peace. As the oldest institution in human history， family is absolutely at the core of promotion of culture of peace. Younger members of the society， growing up in a family that teaches them the virtues of tolerance， harmony and understanding， will grow up with the right values that inculcate culture of peace.
In my introduction to the 2008 publication “Peace Education：A Pathway to a Culture of Peace”， I wrote， “ As Maria Montessori had articulated so appropriately， those who want a violent way of living， prepare young people for that； but those， who want peace have neglected their young children and adolescents and that way are unable to organize them for peace. However， the last decades of violence and human insecurity had led to a growing realization in the world of education today that children should be educated in the art of peaceful living. As a result， more and more peace concepts， attitudes， values and social skills are being integrated into school curricula in many countries. It is being increasingly realized that over-emphasis on cognitive learning in schools at the cost of developing children’s emotional， social， moral and humanistic aspects has been a costly mistake. In UNICEF， peace education is very succinctly defined as “the process of promoting the knowledge， skills， attitudes and values needed to bring about behaviour change that will enable children， youth and adults to prevent conflict and violence， both overt and structural； to resolve conflict peacefully； and to create the conditions conducive to peace， whether at an interpersonal， intergroup， national or international level”.
在这里，我想特别指出家庭在促进和平文化中的作用。作为人类历史上最古老的机构，家庭绝对是促进和平文化的核心。社会的年轻成员，如果成长在一个教导宽容，和谐与理解的美德的家庭中，他们会在浸润着和平文化的正确价值观中长大。
在我2008年出版的《和平教育：通往和平文化的道路》的引言中曾写道，“正如蒙台梭利阐述过的，那些想要以暴力方式生活的人，可以让年轻人来实施暴力；而那些想要和平却忽略了年幼的孩子和青少年的人们，是无法将他们组织起来争取和平的。然而，过去几十年的暴力和人的不安全导致了当今世界的教育界越来越认识到，孩子们应该在和平生活的艺术中受到教育。这样一来，越来越多的和平理念，态度，价值观和社交能力正被纳入许多国家的学校课程中。人们越来越认识到，过分强调认知能力的学习，而牺牲孩子在情感，社会，道德和人文方面的发展是一种代价高昂的错误。
在联合国儿童基金会，和平教育被非常简洁的定义为“为了能使儿童，青少年和成年人做出行为上的改变，来防止发生公开或组织上的冲突和暴力事件而宣传所需的知识，技能，态度和价值观；和平解决冲突；在人与人之间，团体之间，国家或国际层面上创造有利于和平的条件的过程。”
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon asserted on 14 September last year at the High Level Forum on the Culture of Peace at the United Nations that “A key ingredient in building culture of peace is education. We are here to talk about how to create this culture of peace. I have a simple， one-word answer： education. Through education， we teach children not to hate. Through education， we raise leaders who act with wisdom and compassion. Through education， we establish a true， lasting culture of peace.” He went on to say “Next week， I will launch a new global initiative called Education First. The aim is to bring together all partners. We want to give every child the chance to attend school. We want them to have quality lessons. And we want to strengthen their core values. This is how we build a culture of peace.” To be worthwhile， this global initiative needs to focus on building the culture of peace for humanity.
Peace education needs to be accepted in all parts of the world， in all societies and countries as an essential element in creating culture of peace. To meet effectively the challenges posed by the present complexity of our time， the young of today deserves a radically different education –“one that does not glorify war but educates for peace， non-violence and international cooperation.” They need the skills and knowledge to create and nurture peace for their individual selves as well as for the world they belong to. Learning about the culture of peace having the potential of personal transformation should be incorporated in all educational institutions as part of their curricula， and should become an essential part of our educational processes as reading and writing. Never has it been more important for us to learn about the world and understand its diversity. The task of educating children and young people to find non-aggressive means to relate with one another is of primary importance. As I had underscored at the conference on “Educating toward a World without Violence” in Albania in 2004， “the participation of young people in this process is very essential. Their inputs in terms of their own ideas on how to cooperate with each other in order to eliminate violence in our societies must be fully taken into account.”
联合国秘书长潘基文去年9月14日在联合国和平文化高级论坛中宣称，“建设和平文化的关键因素是教育。我们在这里是为了讨论如何创造和平文化。我有一个简单的，一个词的答案：教育。通过教育，我们教育孩子不要去恨。通过教育，我们推选出凭借智慧与同情心胜出的领导者。通过教育，我们建立真正的，持久的和平文化。”他接着说，“下周，我将推出一个新的全球呼吁活动，名叫教育第一。目的是把所有的同伴集合起来。我们希望让每个孩子有机会上学。我们希望他们能有高质量的课程。我们想要加强他们的核心价值观。这就是我们如何建立和平文化。”为了更有价值，这一全球呼吁活动需要把重点放在为人类建立和平文化上。
和平教育必须在世界各地，在所有的社会和国家，作为创造和平文化的一项基本要素而被接受。为了有效地面对我们这个时代存在的复杂性所带来的挑战，今天的年轻人，应该拥有完全不同的教育——“没有美化战争，而是灌输和平，非暴力和国际合作的教育。”他们需要技能和知识来为他们自己以及他们所在的世界创造和培育和平。学习和平文化，拥有个人转型的潜力应被所有教育机构作为课程的一部分，应该成为教育过程中阅读和写作的必要组成部分。
我们了解世界，理解它的多样性从来没有像现在这么重要。教育儿童及青少年找到与彼此产生非侵略性联系的任务是最重要的。正如我曾在2004年阿尔巴尼亚“教育通向无暴力世界”会议上强调的，“年轻人在这个过程中的参与是非常必要的。他们在如何互相合作来消除社会中暴力行为的想法必须被充分考虑。
All educational institutions need to offer opportunities that prepare the students not only to live fulfilling lives but also to be responsible and productive citizens of the world. For that， educators need to introduce holistic and empowering curricula that cultivate a culture of peace in each and every young mind. The Global Campaign for Peace Education has continued to contribute in a meaningful way towards this objective and must receive our continuous support.
Peace education is more effective and meaningful when it is adopted according to the social and cultural context and the country’s needs and aspirations. It should be enriched by its cultural and spiritual values together with the universal human values. It should also be globally relevant. In its essence， peace education as articulated by the Hague Agenda encourages reflection， critical thinking， cooperation， and responsible action. It promotes multiculturalism and values of dignity and equality. Their campaign rightly emphasizes that “…culture of peace will be achieved when citizens of the world understand global problems； have the skills to resolve conflicts constructively； know and live by international standards of human rights， gender and racial equality； appreciate cultural diversity； and respect the integrity of the Earth.” Indeed， this should be more appropriately called “education for global citizenship”. Such learning cannot be achieved without well-intentioned， sustained， and systematic peace education that leads the way to the culture of peace. Essence of such education is obviously SELF TRANSFORMATION. In addition to expanding the capacity of the students to understand the issues， peace education should aim particularly at empowering the students， suited to their individual levels， to become agents of peace and nonviolence in their own lives as well as in their interaction with others in every sphere of their existence.
所有教育机构不仅需要提供学生充实生活的机会，也要给他们成为对世界来说富有责任感和生产力的公民的机会。为此，教育工作者需要引进整体性和赋能的课程，以便在每个年轻人的思想中培育和平文化。全球和平教育运动一直在朝着这个目标前进，并以有意义的方式作出贡献，也必须得到我们不断的支持。
当依照社会和文化背景，国家的需求和愿望而被采用时，和平教育更为有效和有意义。它的文化和精神价值应与人类的普遍价值一起得到充实。它也应是全球相互关联着的。在本质上，和平教育正如海牙议程中所阐述的，鼓励思考、批判性思维、合作和负责任的行动。它促进多元文化，有尊严和平等的价值观。他们的运动正确地强调，“......和平文化要得以实现，只有当全世界的公民了解全球性问题；有能力有建设性地解决冲突；了解并依靠人权的，性别的和种族平等的国际标准生存；欣赏文化的多样性；尊重地球的完整性。”事实上，这应该被更恰当地称为“教育世界公民”。没有出于善意的、持续的、系统的、以和平文化为目的和平教育，这样的学习不可能实现。显而易见的，这种教育的本质是自我转化。
除了增强学生的能力来让他们了解问题，和平教育特别应该赋能给学生，因材施教，让他们成为自己生活中以及和别人互动时，和平与非暴力的代理人。
Targeting the individual is meaningful because there cannot be true peace unless the individual mind is at peace. Connecting the role of individuals to broader global objectives， Dr. Martin Luther King Junior affirmed that "An individual has not started living until he can rise above the narrow confines of his individualistic concerns to the broader concerns of all humanity." The UN Programme of Action on the Culture of Peace pays special attention to the individual’s self transformation.
In this context， I would reiterate that women in particular have a major role to play in promoting the culture of peace in our violence-ridden societies， thereby bringing in lasting peace and reconciliation. While women are often the first victims of armed conflict， they must also and always be recognized as key to the resolution of the conflict. It is my strong belief that unless women are engaged in advancing the culture of peace at equal levels with men， sustainable peace would continue to elude us.
A statement from the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995 declared that "the dynamic movement towards a culture of peace derives inspiration and hope from women's visions and actions". It further underscores that full respect for the human rights of women； the release of women's creative potential in all aspects of life； the equal participation of women in decision-making； equal access to educational opportunities for woman and girls； the promotion of equality between women and men are all seen as prerequisites to attaining the culture of peace. The core message of this 1995 statement continues to be equally relevant today. From Burundi to Cambodia to Sierra Leone to Northern Ireland and the Middle East， women have shown great capacity as peacemakers. They assumed activist roles while holding together their families and communities. At the grassroots and community levels， women have organized to resist militarization， to create space for dialogue and moderation and to weave together the shattered fabric of society. Through my field experiences， I am proud to recognize that involvement of women in the peace process in various conflict–ridden parts of the world has contributed immensely to ensuring longer term benefits for their present as well as future generations. As has been rightly said， “Without peace， development is impossible， and without women， neither peace nor development can take place.”
Peace educator Loreta Navarro-Castro has emphasized that “our work is a never-ending one. It is always a ‘work in progress’. The challenges seem never to end and we are always in the ‘alert mode’ because of the continuing and at times increasing threats to human and ecological well-being.” Peace education needs to be transformative， forward-looking， adaptive， comprehensive and empowering. The work for peace is a continuous process and I am convinced that culture of peace is absolutely the most essential vehicle for realizing the goals and objectives of the United Nations in the twenty-first century.
以个人作为目标是极有意义的，因为除非个人的心是平静的，否则不可能有真正的和平。连接着个人的角色，开拓着更广阔的全球目标的小马丁·路德·金博士曾肯定说：“直到他能把他狭窄的个人烦恼上升为全人类的更广义的忧虑，一个人并没有真正地开始生活。”联合国和平文化活动计划特别重视个人的自我改造。
在这样的前提下，我想重申，在充斥着暴力的社会中，女性在促进和平文化，从而带来持久和平与和解方面发挥着重要的作用。而女性往往是武装冲突的第一批受害者，她们也必须始终作为解决冲突的关键得到承认。我坚信，除非女性与男子同等程度地投身于促进和平文化的事业中，否则可持续的和平将继续躲避我们。
1995年，在北京召开的第四次世界妇女大会发布了一项声明称，“迈向和平文化的运动充满活力，其灵感与希望来源于女性的视野和行动”。它进一步强调了对妇女人权的充分尊重；妇女创造潜力在生活各个方面的释放；妇女在决策中的平等参与；妇女和女孩平等地获得受教育的机会；促进男女之间的平等都被视为实现和平文化的先决条件。时至今日，该项声明的核心信息仍然同样重要。
从布隆迪到柬埔寨，塞拉利昂，北爱尔兰和中东地区，女性都表现出作为和平缔造者的极大的能量。她们呈现出积极分子的角色，同时维系着她们的家庭和社区。在基层和社区一级，妇女组织起来抵抗军事化，创造对话和缓和的空间，一起编织破碎的社会结构。通过我的实际经验，我很自豪地认识到妇女在世界各冲突频发地区对和平进程的参与，为保证自己以及子孙后的长远利益作出了极大的贡献。正如有人指出的一样，“如果没有和平，发展是不可能的，没有女人，和平与发展都不可能发生。”
和平教育者洛雷纳瓦罗卡斯特罗强调，“我们的工作是永无止境的。它始终是一个“正在进行的工作”。挑战似乎永远不会结束，因为对人类和生态福祉的威胁一直存在着，有时甚至激增，所以我们总是处于“警戒模式”。“和平教育必须是有变革性，前瞻性，适应性，综合性和赋能性的。争取和平的事业是一个持续的过程，我相信，和平文化绝对是联合国实现二十一世纪各种目标的最重要工具。
Let me conclude by urging all of you most earnestly that we need to encourage the young people to be themselves， to build their own character， their own personality， which is embedded with understanding， tolerance and respect for diversity and in solidarity with rest of humanity. I believe that to be very important， and we need to convey that to the young people. This is the minimum we can do as adults. We should everything to empower them in the real sense， and I feel that such empowerment is going to stay with them for life. That is the significance of the Culture of Peace. That is its essence. It is the process of changing each one of us so that we become the agents of peace. It is not something temporary like resolving a conflict in one area or between communities without transforming and empowering people to sustain peace. The journey that we commenced into the new millennium will demand strength， dedication and sacrifice from each of us. As the great advocate for peace Daisaku Ikeda has exhorted， "Path to peace has not been and will not be easy， but never be defeated". We have to keep striving with all of our intellectual and spiritual energy and determination for a better world， based on principles of freedom， justice， democracy， tolerance， solidarity， dialogue， understanding and respect for diversity.
Albert Einstein once said， "The world is a dangerous place to live， not because of the people who are evil， but because of the people who don't do anything about it."
让我最真切地叮嘱大家，我们需要鼓励年轻人做自己，培养自己的特质和个性，这是基于理解、宽容、尊重多样性和与别人团结相处的基础上的。我认为这是非常重要的，我们要传达给年轻人。这是我们作为成年人至少要做到的。我们应该在真正意义上赋能给年轻人，我觉得这种能力是会一辈子留在他们的生活中。这是和平文化的重要意义。这是它的本质，这是改变我们每个人，使我们成为和平代理人的过程。这不是那种还没改变人们并赋能给他们，就让他们维持和平，急着解决一个地区或社区之间的冲突的暂时和平。
新千年旅程的开始需要我们每一个人的力量，奉献和牺牲。正如和平的伟大倡导者池田大作所告诫的那样，“通往和平的道路从来不是，也永远不会是一帆风顺的，但不要认输。”我们必须用我们所有的智力，精神能量和决心来为建设一个更好的世界而努力，这个世界应该基于对自由，正义，民主，宽容，团结，对话，理解和尊重多样性。
爱因斯坦曾经说过，“世界是一个危险的居住地，不是因为那些邪恶的人，而是因为那些对此不闻不问的人。”
Let us not sit back any more. The time to act is NOW.
Let us be the activists for the change we believe in.
让我们不要坐视不理了。现在就开始行动。
让我们成为我们所相信的改变中的积极分子。