学会(包括协会、研究会)是社会生产和科学技术发展的必然产物。早在我国春秋战国时期,由于当时铁制工具广泛应用,农业兴盛,手工业发达,商业繁荣,经济得到了迅速发展,社会上出现许多民间学术团体,即所谓“百家”,影响较大的有“儒”、“墨”、“法”、“道”、“纵横”、“阴阳”、“杂”、“农”等家。这些学术团体势力很大,内部往往纪律森严,违禁者轻则除名,重则处以死刑,而且各家学者门户之见甚浓,经常激烈驳辩,因此实际上“百家”大多是同学派学者的 Learning (including associations, seminars) is the inevitable product of social production and the development of science and technology. As early as during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in our country, due to the extensive application of iron tools at that time, the flourishing agriculture, the developed handicraft industry and the prosperous business enjoyed the rapid economic development. Many non-governmental academic groups appeared in the society, namely, “Confucianism”, “ink”, “law”, “Tao”, “aspect”, “yin and yang”, “miscellaneous”, “agriculture” and other home. These academic groups have great influence. They are often subject to disciplinary internal discipline, extortion from extortion to death penalty, heavy death sentence and often fierce arguments. Therefore, most of the “hundred” schools are mostly scholars of the same school