饮水和饮食预防对各类结石都有疗效,为非特异性预防。而药物预防则应针对结石的不同类型选用适当的药物。大小分子抑制物近年来的研究及相应药物的开发已使尿石复发预防有效率大为提高。鱼油、芭蕉芯提取液、玉米须提取液、酸性黏多糖类物质(如胖大海提取液)等在体外及动物试验中对草酸钙结石的形成有明显的抑制作用,作为新的防石药物很有前途。预防磷酸钙结石的复发则以维生素A效果较好,别嘌呤醇用于预防尿酸结石,而碳酸氢钠则只对胱氨酸结石有明显预防作用。 Drinking water and diet prevention are effective for all kinds of stones, non-specific prevention. Drug prevention should be based on the different types of stones selected appropriate drugs. Large and small molecule inhibitors in recent years, research and development of appropriate drugs have made the prevention of recurrence of urolithiasis greatly improved. Fish oil, banana core extract, corn silk extract, acidic mucopolysaccharide (such as fat sea extract) in vitro and animal experiments on the formation of calcium oxalate stones have a significant inhibitory effect, as a new anti-stone drug Very promising. Prevention of recurrence of calcium phosphate stones are better with vitamin A, allopurinol for the prevention of uric acid stones, while sodium bicarbonate is only a significant preventive effect of cystine stones.