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八旗制度建立前,满洲牛录的编设情况,这是研究满族早期人口和社会发展的重要问题。但是,至今国内没有专门的文章涉及。造成这种状况的历史原因,主要是努尔哈齐在创业的初期,缺乏详细的文字记述。正如记述清朝典制的《大清会典》含糊其词地说:“岁月久远,卷籍不存者,止书曰‘国初’”,和《满洲名臣传》记载某些人编设牛录比“国初”还早的只混书“太祖创业时”一样。因此,有人在研究八旗制度时曾说:“求八旗之真象,颇难措手”。我们根据现有的材料,特别是档案材料,对八旗建立前的满洲牛录和人口,进行初步的探讨。
The establishment of Manchurian cattle before the establishment of the Eight Banners System was an important issue for studying the early population and social development of Manchu. However, so far there is no specific article involved. The historical reasons for this situation are mainly Nurhaqi’s lack of detailed written account in the early days of entrepreneurship. As the “Qing dynasty code” describing the Qing dynasty’s code system vaguely said: “Some time ago, there were no books in the volume, only the beginning of the book” and “ Cattle record than the ”early“ just as early as confused book ”Taizu entrepreneurship“ the same. Therefore, someone once said when studying the system of the banner government: ”It is quite difficult to find the true image of the banner." Based on the available materials, especially the archival materials, we conducted a preliminary study of Manchurian cattle records and population before the establishment of the Banner.