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1.前言宇宙飞行器的结构可能受到发射和上升期间的热环境严重影响。温度升高降低了飞行器结构强度和刚度,而热梯度增加了局部应力和变形。如果在设计中对这些影响计算的不合理,就可能导致飞行期间结构破坏。另外,加热可能引起表面涂层的化学反应,使其吸收率和辐射率降低,导致结构在发射和上升期间或在飞行中温度过高或损伤飞行器的热控制系统。加热热源是外面的空气动力的流动、火箭排气、太阳辐射、结构辐射(或再辐射)和从
1. Introduction The structure of a space vehicle may be severely affected by the thermal environment during launch and ascent. Increasing the temperature decreases the structural strength and rigidity of the aircraft, while thermal gradients increase local stresses and deformations. Failure to account for these effects in the design can result in structural damage during the flight. In addition, heating may cause a chemical reaction of the surface coating causing a decrease in its absorptivity and emissivity, resulting in thermal control of the structure during launch and ascent or during over-temperature or damage to the aircraft. The heating heat source is the outside aerodynamic flow, rocket exhaust, solar radiation, structural radiation (or reradiation) and from