多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)是一种重要的工业阻燃剂,广泛存在于环境介质和生物体内。有研究表明,PBDEs对动物神经系统有毒性作用,能影响神经内分泌激素的释放、干扰信号转导通路、影响神经递质传递、改变神经系统发育关键蛋白的表达、诱导神经细胞凋亡。环境监测资料表明中国存在PBDEs环境暴露,而我国在PBDEs对神经系统影响方面的研究十分有限,应该引起重视。该文从神经内分泌激素、信号转导通路、神经递质受体、神经系统发育关键蛋白、神经细胞凋亡5个方面对多溴联苯醚的神经毒性机制进行概述,并对今后相关领域研究方向提出思考。 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are an important industrial flame retardant, widely found in environmental media and in living organisms. Studies have shown that PBDEs have toxic effects on the nervous system of animals, which can affect the release of neuroendocrine hormones, interfere with signal transduction pathways, affect neurotransmitter transmission, change the expression of key proteins in nervous system development, and induce apoptosis of nerve cells. Environmental monitoring data show that there are environmental exposures to PBDEs in China, and the research on the influence of PBDEs on the nervous system in our country is very limited, which deserves our attention. This review summarizes the neurotoxic mechanisms of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from five aspects of neuroendocrine hormones, signal transduction pathways, neurotransmitter receptors, key proteins of nervous system development and neuronal apoptosis, and gives some suggestions on the future research directions in related fields .