在目前的临床研究中,儿童甲状腺结节的临床发病率较成人要低,但是发病后的恶性率会比较高。引起儿童甲状腺结节恶性化的主要因素包括甲状腺癌症家族史、甲状腺疾病史及放射线照射史等。对于甲状腺结节主要的诊断方法是采用超声检查,但是采用穿刺活检则是鉴别良、恶性结节的最好诊断方法。对于良性结节的儿童,主要采取的治疗手段是进行临床观察,而对于恶性结节的儿童患者则要采取手术治疗手段。 In the current clinical study, the clinical incidence of thyroid nodules in children is lower than in adults, but the incidence of malignant rates will be higher. The main factors that cause malignant thyroid nodules in children include family history of thyroid cancer, history of thyroid disease and history of radiation exposure. The main diagnostic method for thyroid nodules is the use of ultrasound, but the use of biopsy is the best diagnosis of benign and malignant nodules. For children with benign nodules, the main treatment is to take clinical observation, while children with malignant nodules have to take surgical treatment.