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随着世界经济的稳定增长，现代科技日新月异的发展，使得船舶大型化、专业化、高速化、智能化、低碳环保化已经成为21世纪航海技术主要发展的趋势。这些发展既带来了机遇，也带来了挑战。一方面船舶科技含量和附加价值不断提高，国际上对航海安全和海洋环境保护的要求越来越高；另一方面船舶配员越来越少，这就要求新时代的海员必须具备良好的敬业精神、扎实的专业知识、熟练的航海技能、较高的环境安全和保安意识，以及健康的身体和心理素质。因此海员队伍面临着非常严峻的事实和挑战，这些挑战不仅来自于海员本身，同时也涉及到外界因素的影响——如海盗和海上刑事犯罪等。
航海界目前面临的新的最为迫切的问题是：船上工作要求不断提高而在船上工作的高素质航海人才却在不断减少。产生上述问题的主要原因如下：
•航海经济的迅猛发展带给了新生、在职海员特别是高素质海员（本身素质高、学习能力强、英文水平高、精通船舶业务、有良好的海上经历）这类人更加广阔的陆上职业选择范围。
•海上职业缺乏社会尊重与宽容，海员社会地位及工作重要性得不到社会充分的认可。
•船长、海员职业环境日趋恶化，生活和工作权利受到越来越多限制。
•船上工作有巨大风险且十分艰辛，并且船上的工作环境对海员的身体素质提出了很高的要求。
针对这一系列的问题，各个领域的专家提出了各自的观点及解决方案：
上海海事大学副校长金永兴教授发表演讲，谈论了关于他们学校培养高素质海员的先进教学理念。应对上述问题，金教授提出了以下对策：1） 明确目标，提升航海教育培训理念。依据“视教育质量为生命，严谨治学，发扬航运特色，培养一流人才”的质量方针培养航海人才。2） 系统发展，全方位进行航海教育和培训能力建设。其认为为了满足海员的教育培训需求，一定要对师资，训练和实验设备，系统的教学资料等方面进行进一步的培养、开发研究和应用。3）持续有效运行航海教育和培训质量体系。海员的教育培训质量管理体系，包括质量管理体系运行与改进理论，以及软硬件和其相互关系。特别注重不断将各种新的技术规范要求并入这一体系。4） 沟通合作，开拓创新，积极响应航运界对高质量航海人才的需求。以不同培养模式，不同培养标准的航海教育和培训服务，满足国际国内航运公司的需求。目前，学校直接涉及船员教育和培训的多个种类包括在职船员短训，本科水上专业和中外合作高职水上专业等。5）与其他一系列的学科如人为因素、人的心理、管理决策、风险控制技术等相联合开展“特色办学” 、“系统化”的船员教育和培训。
上海海事局船员管理处副处长何君华就促进海员发展提出了几点建议：1）履行海事公约（STCW 公约马尼拉修正案），提高证书签发、签证与认可的审查要求，缔约国建立船员信息库，强化保证海员充分的休息时间，明确海员健康标准，明确培训和考核标准，颁布培训纲要和考试大纲，引进IMO示范课程、培训师资、探索企业船东参与培训课程设计。2）筹备中国海员招募中心，维护海员和用人单位的合法权益，向国内外船东推介高素质海员。
中海集装箱运输股份有限公司副总经理冯幸国船长也就海员培养之路提出了建议：1） 海员职务培训与学历教育挂钩机制：航海实践与学历教育相结合。许多本科生就读航海专业并没有了解航海业的艰辛，因此在学习过程中应该为他们提供更多实践机会，让他们正式踏入工作岗位后能尽快适应，不会因为上船工作后不具备海员的基本素质而中途改行，造成航海教育资源的浪费。2) 企业、院校、个人、政府与社会联动机制：政府应加快海员政策的制定步伐，解决海员后顾之忧，壮大海员基础力量。企业必须转变观念，解决船长和海员的后顾之忧，让海员有归属感并全身心投入船舶工作。航海院校须进一步拓展航海教育资源的有效利用，为有志青年创造再学习、再提高的条件。船长及海员个人应当进一步提高个人素质和技能，全面提高责任心，自觉成为优秀的船员和海员。单位的合法权益，向国内外船东推介高素质海员。
上海远洋运输有限公司副总经理徐允平船长结合其公司多年的实践，对船员人才培养计划提出了以下3点策略;1) 建立船员培训体系，做到分层、分职能培训，努力实现全员的培训覆盖。2）健全船员培训制度，保证培训计划有序实施。3）形成特色主题培训，开展“立足岗位、提高技能、争做高素质员工”活动。
VIDEOTEL公司亚洲董事郑乔治详细介绍了该公司在国际海员培训方面的解决方案。该公司有780个高质量的视频培训项目，在整个航海培训行业中是非常领先的，有35年以上的经验。不仅提供工作地学习培训（海上和岸上），还提供网上培训和效果测验，海员们能随时随地参与到VIDEOTEL公司的培训项目中。这对海员来说十分便捷，他们能在其培训中获得更多的专业知识和技能，同时也为船公司节省了大量的培训成本支出。
汉密斯•里德船长结合自己几十年的海上工作经历，谈了自己对船员发展的想法。他认为：在航海业，听别人说的东西会轻易忘记，自己看到的东西可能不会忘记，而只有通过自己的实践和尝试，才会真正地理解。
海盗问题和刑事犯罪仍然是威胁航海业和国际海员最主要的因素。海盗的活动范围不断扩大，似乎超过了国际社会努力控制的范围。其中索马里海盗问题最为严重。索马里暴力和劫持人质的行为已造成大量的人员伤亡，尤其是海员，海盗扭曲了索马里的经济，也扰乱了世界各地的重要航线。
英国航海学会总裁詹姆斯•鲁宾逊针对国际海员面临的海盗和刑事犯罪问题提出了应对措施：1）要求参与更多联合国行动，解决索马里的政治问题，并增加海军对海盗的打击行动。2）召开关于海盗的专题会议以此引起有关方对该问题的关注认识，与海军开展合作并对此交换意见。3）应多加关注那些去海盗猖獗水域的海员，为他们的家庭提供帮助。
英国航海学会秘书长菲利普•怀克做了主旨演讲，他总结了海员面临的内部发展问题（包括职业适任，技术发展，人员配备及招聘，及海事章程）及外界威胁（刑事犯罪，海盗风险及海上安全）。他认为随着航海技术的迅猛发展如（ECDIS），很明显如今面临的最大的挑战就是大量的培训需求。正是由于如此，学会设立了出版物、开放学习计划和培训认证服务提供给他们的会员，因而使得他们在个人角度和行业需求上得到更多的专业发展。
with the steady growth of the world economy and rapid development of the contemporary science and technology, the nautical science is developing rapidly and continuously improving as well. The main direction of developing nautical science in the 21st century is to make the vessel larger, more specialized, high speed, intelligent, low carbon and environmental friendly. The development will bring both opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, the shipping technological content and the added value of vessels have increased steadily, thus the shipping safety and marine environmental protection have become increasingly demanding. On the other hand, the manning of ship has becoming more and more scarce, which requires the seafarers to have solid professional knowledge, skilled seamanship, stronger environmental safety and security awareness, healthy body and psychological quality. So the whole team of seafarers is facing very serious reality and challenges not only from themselves but also from external factors – such as piracy and criminalization.
At present, the new and more urgent problem faced by the shipping industry is the decreasing number of high quality shipping talents and the increasing standards for working on board. The main reasons caused the problem are as follows:
The rapid development of shipping economy caused the freshmen; in-service seafarers especially the high quality seafarers (who have high quality, learning ability, and high English level, proficient in marine business, have good experience at sea) have a range of career options on land.
The society shows less respect and tolerance to the captains and seafarers, their status and importance of work are not fully accepted.
The occupational environment of the captains and seafarers is becoming deteriorating; their rights to live and work could be constrained.
Work on board has a big risk and it is very difficult. The seafarers need to have higher physical quality to adapt to the marine environment.
According to this series of problems, the experts put forward their own ideas and solutions.
Firstly, the vice president Mr. Jin Yongxing of Shanghai Maritime University made a speech to talk about their school’s advanced teaching philosophy to develop the high qualified seafarers. In order to tackle the above problems, he put forward the following countermeasures: 1. Set clear objectives and improve the understanding on maritime education and training. Based on the quality policy “quality is life of education, promote shipping characteristics, train outstanding talents” the university is committed to train high qualified professional seafarers. 2. Develop systematically and build up comprehensively the capacity of maritime education and training.
To meet the training needs, those seafarers, maritime instructors, training and laboratory equipments, teaching materials etc need to be developed. 3. Link with other learning subjects such as maritime human factors; psychology; manage risk decision-making control etc to carry out “characterized and systematic” maritime education and training. 4. Operate maritime education and training quality system effectively.
The entire seafarer’s quality management system for maritime education and training include operating and improving the system management, the software and hardware, they are all related to each other. And the university pays more attention to incorporate all kinds of technical specifications into the system. 5. Respond actively to the demands of qualified navigation talents by cooperation and innovation. The university is serving for the industry by providing different modes and standards of training to meet the needs of different shipping companies from all over the world.
Secondly, the vice director Mr. He Junhua of Maritime Safety Administration provided some suggestions about how to promote seafarer’s development. 1. Implement maritime 7(Manila Amendments to STCW convention); Strengthen requirement on the approval of the issue, endorsement and recognition of certificates; Contracting parties to establish a seafarer data-base; Emphasize the time requirement to ensure sufficient time of rest for seafarers; Set up clear health standards of seafarers; Nail down standards for training and examination, publish outlines of training and guidelines of examination, introduce IMO module courses, training teachers, explore the methods of corporations and ship-owners participating training course design. 2. Launch the China seafarer recruitment center; protect the legitimate rights and interests of seafarers and employers, recommend high quality seafarers to Chinese and foreign ship owners.
Next, the captain (vice general manager) Mr. Feng Xingguo of China Shipping Container Lines Co. Ltd. made a speech about the way of training. 1. Navigation practice and academic education are combined together; many undergraduate students did not understand the hardness of sailing when they specialized in maritime majors, when they got on board and found they didn’t have the basic qualities of seafarers and changed their careers, it makes the maritime education waste plenty of resources. So we should provide them with more opportunities to practice in the learning process to let them adapt to work as soon as possible. 2. Corporations, institutions, individuals, government and society form a linkage mechanism. The government shall expedite the pace of policy formulation for seafarers, address the worries and expand the base power of seafarers; Corporations shall change their ideas, show care in aspects of personality, business, life, family wage and skills etc of the captains and seafarers. Make the crew have a sense of belonging and engage themselves into shipping business; Maritime education and training institutions shall further develop the effective use of resources to create conditions for young people’s further learning and improvement; Captains, individual crew members shall further improve their personal qualities and skills, improve sense of responsibility to consciously become outstanding captain and seafarer.
Then, the captain (vice general manager) Mr. Xu Yunping of Shanghai Ocean Shipping Company, Ltd. suggested several points about the training plan for seafarers. 1. Set up leveled rank based crew training system. 2. Optimize crew training system and ensure scheduled implementation. 3. Carry out special theme-training based on job position, enhance skills and strive to be high qualified employee.
After that, the director Mr. Zheng Qiaozhi of Videotel Marine Asia Ltd. introduced the training solutions for international seafarers. The company has over 780 high quality video training programs; set the pace in the whole navigation training industry, over 35 years of experience. It not only provides the training in workplace (at sea and ashore) but also provides online training and test, the seafarers can participate in the training programs at any time, it is very convenient, they can get more professional knowledge and skills through the training, and also save a lot of training costs for shipping companies at the same time.
At last, the captain Hamish Reid with his decades of sea experiences expressed his opinion about the development for seafarers. He thought, in the shipping industry, people will easily forget the words uttered by others. They might not forget the things they see with their own eyes. However, they will understand things thoroughly only through their own practice.
The most important external factors from a threat to the shipping industry and international seafarers are the piracy and criminalization. The pirates’ scope is expanding, piracy seams to be outpacing the efforts of the international community to stem it. The situation of the coast of Somalia is completely unacceptable. The violence and hostage-taking have taken a great human toll, especially for seafarers. Piracy is also distorting the Somalia economy and disrupting shipping lines that are vital to people around the world.
The president captain James Robinson of the Nautical Institution provided the solutions to solve the problem of piracy and criminalization. 1. Request more action at the UN to tackle the political problems of Somalia and increased naval intervention. 2. Hold a conference or seminar on the subject to raise awareness of the issues and develop cooperation and an exchange of ideas with navy. 3. Raise the awareness of the need for support of seafarers in piracy waters before, during and after capture and support for their families during the incarceration period.
In addition, the Chief Executive of the Nautical Institution, Philip Wake, delivered a keynote speech to summarize the serious problems that the seafarers faced which are internal issues: competency, evolving technology, recruitment & retention, regulations and the external threat: criminalization, piracy & maritime security. He thought: the nautical science develop rapidly such as (ECDIS), so the industry faces a huge training need and this was clearly identified as a major challenge. Because of this, the institution set up the publications, open learning schemes as well as the accreditation services to the members to let them get more professional development both personally and as an industry wide need.
航海界目前面临的新的最为迫切的问题是：船上工作要求不断提高而在船上工作的高素质航海人才却在不断减少。产生上述问题的主要原因如下：
•航海经济的迅猛发展带给了新生、在职海员特别是高素质海员（本身素质高、学习能力强、英文水平高、精通船舶业务、有良好的海上经历）这类人更加广阔的陆上职业选择范围。
•海上职业缺乏社会尊重与宽容，海员社会地位及工作重要性得不到社会充分的认可。
•船长、海员职业环境日趋恶化，生活和工作权利受到越来越多限制。
•船上工作有巨大风险且十分艰辛，并且船上的工作环境对海员的身体素质提出了很高的要求。
针对这一系列的问题，各个领域的专家提出了各自的观点及解决方案：
上海海事大学副校长金永兴教授发表演讲，谈论了关于他们学校培养高素质海员的先进教学理念。应对上述问题，金教授提出了以下对策：1） 明确目标，提升航海教育培训理念。依据“视教育质量为生命，严谨治学，发扬航运特色，培养一流人才”的质量方针培养航海人才。2） 系统发展，全方位进行航海教育和培训能力建设。其认为为了满足海员的教育培训需求，一定要对师资，训练和实验设备，系统的教学资料等方面进行进一步的培养、开发研究和应用。3）持续有效运行航海教育和培训质量体系。海员的教育培训质量管理体系，包括质量管理体系运行与改进理论，以及软硬件和其相互关系。特别注重不断将各种新的技术规范要求并入这一体系。4） 沟通合作，开拓创新，积极响应航运界对高质量航海人才的需求。以不同培养模式，不同培养标准的航海教育和培训服务，满足国际国内航运公司的需求。目前，学校直接涉及船员教育和培训的多个种类包括在职船员短训，本科水上专业和中外合作高职水上专业等。5）与其他一系列的学科如人为因素、人的心理、管理决策、风险控制技术等相联合开展“特色办学” 、“系统化”的船员教育和培训。
上海海事局船员管理处副处长何君华就促进海员发展提出了几点建议：1）履行海事公约（STCW 公约马尼拉修正案），提高证书签发、签证与认可的审查要求，缔约国建立船员信息库，强化保证海员充分的休息时间，明确海员健康标准，明确培训和考核标准，颁布培训纲要和考试大纲，引进IMO示范课程、培训师资、探索企业船东参与培训课程设计。2）筹备中国海员招募中心，维护海员和用人单位的合法权益，向国内外船东推介高素质海员。
中海集装箱运输股份有限公司副总经理冯幸国船长也就海员培养之路提出了建议：1） 海员职务培训与学历教育挂钩机制：航海实践与学历教育相结合。许多本科生就读航海专业并没有了解航海业的艰辛，因此在学习过程中应该为他们提供更多实践机会，让他们正式踏入工作岗位后能尽快适应，不会因为上船工作后不具备海员的基本素质而中途改行，造成航海教育资源的浪费。2) 企业、院校、个人、政府与社会联动机制：政府应加快海员政策的制定步伐，解决海员后顾之忧，壮大海员基础力量。企业必须转变观念，解决船长和海员的后顾之忧，让海员有归属感并全身心投入船舶工作。航海院校须进一步拓展航海教育资源的有效利用，为有志青年创造再学习、再提高的条件。船长及海员个人应当进一步提高个人素质和技能，全面提高责任心，自觉成为优秀的船员和海员。单位的合法权益，向国内外船东推介高素质海员。
上海远洋运输有限公司副总经理徐允平船长结合其公司多年的实践，对船员人才培养计划提出了以下3点策略;1) 建立船员培训体系，做到分层、分职能培训，努力实现全员的培训覆盖。2）健全船员培训制度，保证培训计划有序实施。3）形成特色主题培训，开展“立足岗位、提高技能、争做高素质员工”活动。
VIDEOTEL公司亚洲董事郑乔治详细介绍了该公司在国际海员培训方面的解决方案。该公司有780个高质量的视频培训项目，在整个航海培训行业中是非常领先的，有35年以上的经验。不仅提供工作地学习培训（海上和岸上），还提供网上培训和效果测验，海员们能随时随地参与到VIDEOTEL公司的培训项目中。这对海员来说十分便捷，他们能在其培训中获得更多的专业知识和技能，同时也为船公司节省了大量的培训成本支出。
汉密斯•里德船长结合自己几十年的海上工作经历，谈了自己对船员发展的想法。他认为：在航海业，听别人说的东西会轻易忘记，自己看到的东西可能不会忘记，而只有通过自己的实践和尝试，才会真正地理解。
海盗问题和刑事犯罪仍然是威胁航海业和国际海员最主要的因素。海盗的活动范围不断扩大，似乎超过了国际社会努力控制的范围。其中索马里海盗问题最为严重。索马里暴力和劫持人质的行为已造成大量的人员伤亡，尤其是海员，海盗扭曲了索马里的经济，也扰乱了世界各地的重要航线。
英国航海学会总裁詹姆斯•鲁宾逊针对国际海员面临的海盗和刑事犯罪问题提出了应对措施：1）要求参与更多联合国行动，解决索马里的政治问题，并增加海军对海盗的打击行动。2）召开关于海盗的专题会议以此引起有关方对该问题的关注认识，与海军开展合作并对此交换意见。3）应多加关注那些去海盗猖獗水域的海员，为他们的家庭提供帮助。
英国航海学会秘书长菲利普•怀克做了主旨演讲，他总结了海员面临的内部发展问题（包括职业适任，技术发展，人员配备及招聘，及海事章程）及外界威胁（刑事犯罪，海盗风险及海上安全）。他认为随着航海技术的迅猛发展如（ECDIS），很明显如今面临的最大的挑战就是大量的培训需求。正是由于如此，学会设立了出版物、开放学习计划和培训认证服务提供给他们的会员，因而使得他们在个人角度和行业需求上得到更多的专业发展。
with the steady growth of the world economy and rapid development of the contemporary science and technology, the nautical science is developing rapidly and continuously improving as well. The main direction of developing nautical science in the 21st century is to make the vessel larger, more specialized, high speed, intelligent, low carbon and environmental friendly. The development will bring both opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, the shipping technological content and the added value of vessels have increased steadily, thus the shipping safety and marine environmental protection have become increasingly demanding. On the other hand, the manning of ship has becoming more and more scarce, which requires the seafarers to have solid professional knowledge, skilled seamanship, stronger environmental safety and security awareness, healthy body and psychological quality. So the whole team of seafarers is facing very serious reality and challenges not only from themselves but also from external factors – such as piracy and criminalization.
At present, the new and more urgent problem faced by the shipping industry is the decreasing number of high quality shipping talents and the increasing standards for working on board. The main reasons caused the problem are as follows:
The rapid development of shipping economy caused the freshmen; in-service seafarers especially the high quality seafarers (who have high quality, learning ability, and high English level, proficient in marine business, have good experience at sea) have a range of career options on land.
The society shows less respect and tolerance to the captains and seafarers, their status and importance of work are not fully accepted.
The occupational environment of the captains and seafarers is becoming deteriorating; their rights to live and work could be constrained.
Work on board has a big risk and it is very difficult. The seafarers need to have higher physical quality to adapt to the marine environment.
According to this series of problems, the experts put forward their own ideas and solutions.
Firstly, the vice president Mr. Jin Yongxing of Shanghai Maritime University made a speech to talk about their school’s advanced teaching philosophy to develop the high qualified seafarers. In order to tackle the above problems, he put forward the following countermeasures: 1. Set clear objectives and improve the understanding on maritime education and training. Based on the quality policy “quality is life of education, promote shipping characteristics, train outstanding talents” the university is committed to train high qualified professional seafarers. 2. Develop systematically and build up comprehensively the capacity of maritime education and training.
To meet the training needs, those seafarers, maritime instructors, training and laboratory equipments, teaching materials etc need to be developed. 3. Link with other learning subjects such as maritime human factors; psychology; manage risk decision-making control etc to carry out “characterized and systematic” maritime education and training. 4. Operate maritime education and training quality system effectively.
The entire seafarer’s quality management system for maritime education and training include operating and improving the system management, the software and hardware, they are all related to each other. And the university pays more attention to incorporate all kinds of technical specifications into the system. 5. Respond actively to the demands of qualified navigation talents by cooperation and innovation. The university is serving for the industry by providing different modes and standards of training to meet the needs of different shipping companies from all over the world.
Secondly, the vice director Mr. He Junhua of Maritime Safety Administration provided some suggestions about how to promote seafarer’s development. 1. Implement maritime 7(Manila Amendments to STCW convention); Strengthen requirement on the approval of the issue, endorsement and recognition of certificates; Contracting parties to establish a seafarer data-base; Emphasize the time requirement to ensure sufficient time of rest for seafarers; Set up clear health standards of seafarers; Nail down standards for training and examination, publish outlines of training and guidelines of examination, introduce IMO module courses, training teachers, explore the methods of corporations and ship-owners participating training course design. 2. Launch the China seafarer recruitment center; protect the legitimate rights and interests of seafarers and employers, recommend high quality seafarers to Chinese and foreign ship owners.
Next, the captain (vice general manager) Mr. Feng Xingguo of China Shipping Container Lines Co. Ltd. made a speech about the way of training. 1. Navigation practice and academic education are combined together; many undergraduate students did not understand the hardness of sailing when they specialized in maritime majors, when they got on board and found they didn’t have the basic qualities of seafarers and changed their careers, it makes the maritime education waste plenty of resources. So we should provide them with more opportunities to practice in the learning process to let them adapt to work as soon as possible. 2. Corporations, institutions, individuals, government and society form a linkage mechanism. The government shall expedite the pace of policy formulation for seafarers, address the worries and expand the base power of seafarers; Corporations shall change their ideas, show care in aspects of personality, business, life, family wage and skills etc of the captains and seafarers. Make the crew have a sense of belonging and engage themselves into shipping business; Maritime education and training institutions shall further develop the effective use of resources to create conditions for young people’s further learning and improvement; Captains, individual crew members shall further improve their personal qualities and skills, improve sense of responsibility to consciously become outstanding captain and seafarer.
Then, the captain (vice general manager) Mr. Xu Yunping of Shanghai Ocean Shipping Company, Ltd. suggested several points about the training plan for seafarers. 1. Set up leveled rank based crew training system. 2. Optimize crew training system and ensure scheduled implementation. 3. Carry out special theme-training based on job position, enhance skills and strive to be high qualified employee.
After that, the director Mr. Zheng Qiaozhi of Videotel Marine Asia Ltd. introduced the training solutions for international seafarers. The company has over 780 high quality video training programs; set the pace in the whole navigation training industry, over 35 years of experience. It not only provides the training in workplace (at sea and ashore) but also provides online training and test, the seafarers can participate in the training programs at any time, it is very convenient, they can get more professional knowledge and skills through the training, and also save a lot of training costs for shipping companies at the same time.
At last, the captain Hamish Reid with his decades of sea experiences expressed his opinion about the development for seafarers. He thought, in the shipping industry, people will easily forget the words uttered by others. They might not forget the things they see with their own eyes. However, they will understand things thoroughly only through their own practice.
The most important external factors from a threat to the shipping industry and international seafarers are the piracy and criminalization. The pirates’ scope is expanding, piracy seams to be outpacing the efforts of the international community to stem it. The situation of the coast of Somalia is completely unacceptable. The violence and hostage-taking have taken a great human toll, especially for seafarers. Piracy is also distorting the Somalia economy and disrupting shipping lines that are vital to people around the world.
The president captain James Robinson of the Nautical Institution provided the solutions to solve the problem of piracy and criminalization. 1. Request more action at the UN to tackle the political problems of Somalia and increased naval intervention. 2. Hold a conference or seminar on the subject to raise awareness of the issues and develop cooperation and an exchange of ideas with navy. 3. Raise the awareness of the need for support of seafarers in piracy waters before, during and after capture and support for their families during the incarceration period.
In addition, the Chief Executive of the Nautical Institution, Philip Wake, delivered a keynote speech to summarize the serious problems that the seafarers faced which are internal issues: competency, evolving technology, recruitment & retention, regulations and the external threat: criminalization, piracy & maritime security. He thought: the nautical science develop rapidly such as (ECDIS), so the industry faces a huge training need and this was clearly identified as a major challenge. Because of this, the institution set up the publications, open learning schemes as well as the accreditation services to the members to let them get more professional development both personally and as an industry wide need.