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目的探讨上海市曹家渡街道≥50岁人群中年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)的患病情况。方法2002年9月至2003年6月间对上海市静安区曹家渡街道的目标人群进行AMD的流行病学调查。首先采取分层配额抽样;接着由调查队在当地眼科检查站对抽样人群进行外眼、角膜、瞳孔、晶状体检查,以及小瞳孔下直接检眼镜眼底检查,初筛出确诊和可疑AMD患者;然后于上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院对可疑患者采用眼底照相等方法进一步确诊。结果本调查共纳入1063人,实际受检1023人,受检率为962%。确诊AMD患者159例(254只眼),占受检人群的155%。确诊湿性AMD19例(30只眼)。在50～59、60～69、70～79、80岁以上各年龄段中,AMD的检出率分别为57%(12/212例)、135%(42/311例)、202%(77/381例)及235%(28/119例)(χ2=2797,P<001)。未发现影响不同AMD类型患病的因素。AMD致盲眼和致低视力眼的比例分别为51%和311%。湿性AMD致盲眼和低视力眼的比例(233%和400%)高于干性AMD致盲眼和低视力眼的比例(27%和72%)。结论AMD的患病率随着年龄增加而显著增加。AMD,尤其是湿性AMD对视力危害相当严重。(中华眼科杂志,2005,411519)
Objective To investigate the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in people over 50 years old in Caojiadu street, Shanghai. Methods From September 2002 to June 2003, the epidemiological survey of AMD was conducted on the target population of Caojiadu street in Jing’an District, Shanghai. First, stratified quota sampling was adopted; then the investigating team carried out direct eye, cornea, pupil and lens examinations at the local eye examination station and direct ophthalmoscopy under small pupils to screen the patients with confirmed and suspicious AMD; then Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated First People’s Hospital of suspected patients with fundus photography and other methods for further diagnosis. Results The survey included a total of 1063 people, the actual 1023 were examined, the examination rate was 962%. 159 patients diagnosed with AMD (254 eyes), accounting for 155% of the population tested. 19 cases of wet AMD diagnosed (30 eyes). The detection rates of AMD were 57% (12/212 cases), 135% (42/311 cases) and 202% (77%) in all age groups of 50 ~ 59,60 ~ 69,70 ~ / 381 cases) and 235% (28/119 cases) (χ2 = 2797, P <001). No factors affecting the prevalence of different AMD types were found. AMD blind eye and low vision eye ratio were 51% and 311%. The ratio of wet AMD-blind and low-vision eyes (233% and 400%) was higher than that of dry AMD-blind eyes and low-vision eyes (27% and 72%). Conclusion The prevalence of AMD increased significantly with age. AMD, especially wet AMD, has a very serious visual impairment. (Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, 2005,411519)