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杂种优势已经在许多作物上广泛应用,但对杂种遗传基础的认识仍显不足。显性和超显性假说是传播最广的两种学术观点,也得到一些DNA分子标记研究结果的支持。现在已经明确杂种优势是由多个基因共同控制的,基因位点间的上位性互作发挥了重要作用,存在控制杂种优势的遗传网络。这些研究将为有效预测杂种优势和利用分子设计更好地利用杂种优势奠定了良好基础。
Heterosis has been widely used in many crops, but understanding of the genetic basis of hybrids is still insufficient. The dominant and super dominant hypotheses are the two most widely spread academic ideas and are supported by some DNA molecular marker findings. It is now clear that the heterosis is controlled by multiple genes and the epistatic interactions between the genetic loci play an important role. There is a genetic network that controls the heterosis. These studies will provide a good basis for effectively predicting heterosis and utilizing molecular design to better utilize heterosis.