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目的:了解浏阳市出生缺陷的发生状况、变化趋势及相关因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法:按照《中国人群出生缺陷监测手册》要求,从2006年10月1日起对居住在浏阳市37个乡、镇、街道产妇(包括本地户口及非本地户口在浏阳市居住1年以上的产妇)的胎婴儿进行人群监测,监测期限为孕满28周～产后42天。结果:出生缺陷发生率为108.70/万,城镇为64.58/万,农村为114.28/万,农村明显高于城镇(χ2=11.68 P<0.01)。围产儿死亡率为7.93‰,出生缺陷围产儿死亡率3.55‰,占围产儿死亡的44.80%,出生缺陷死亡是围产儿死亡的主要原因之一。前5位出生缺陷依次为副耳、多指(趾)、先天性心脏病、总唇裂、马蹄内翻足。结论:广泛开展对育龄人群的健康教育,普及叶酸投服,做好孕前期、孕早期保健,避免致畸因素的影响,开展优生咨询、产前检查和产前诊断是减少出生缺陷发生的有效措施。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the occurrence status, changing trend and related factors of birth defects in Liuyang City and provide the basis for the formulation of intervention measures. Methods: According to the requirements of “Handbook on Monitoring Birth Defects in Chinese Population”, from October 1, 2006 onwards, women living in 37 townships, towns and streets in Liuyang City (including local residents and non-local residents who have lived in Liuyang City for more than one year Maternal) fetal babies for population monitoring, monitoring period of 28 weeks pregnant ~ postpartum 42 days. Results: The incidence of birth defects was 108.70 per 10,000 in urban areas, 64.58 in urban areas and 114.28 in rural areas. The rural areas were significantly higher than those in urban areas (χ2 = 11.68, P <0.01). The perinatal mortality rate was 7.93 ‰, the birth defect perinatal mortality rate was 3.55 ‰, accounting for 44.80% of perinatal deaths. The birth defect death was one of the major causes of perinatal death. The first five birth defects followed by vice ears, fingers (toes), congenital heart disease, total cleft lip, clubfoot. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive education on childbearing age, popularization of folic acid, good pre-pregnancy and early-pregnancy care and avoiding the influence of teratogenic factors, prenatal counseling, antenatal examination and prenatal diagnosis are effective in reducing the incidence of birth defects Measures.