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一、改革历程回顾 深圳特区社会保障制度的改革,从演变过程看,大体上可以划分为三个阶段,即单项突破阶段、综合配套阶段和深化改革阶段。 首先是单项突破阶段(1982年～1989年)。在这一阶段,主要根据不同时期、不同所有制企业和不同用工形式分别采取措施,从单项改革起步,逐步拓展配套;突破了我国传统的企业自保这种计划经济下旧的劳动保险模式,实行社会统筹,形成新的社会共济机制;结合劳动工资制度等项改革,初步建立了社会化的就业、工伤等保险制度,促进了特区经济的发展。 其次是综合配套阶段(1990年～1994年)。在这—阶段,随着我国经济体制改革的不断深入,特区新型社会保障体系的改革进入了制度创新时期。先后建立了统一的养老保险制度、医疗保险制度和住房公积金制度,创建了社会统筹与个人自我保障有机结合的新的社会保障模式,做到了权利与义务统一,效率优先,兼顾公平,初步形成了社会资源的节约机制和保障资金的预筹积累新机制。
I. Review of the Reform Reviewing the reform of the social security system in the Shenzhen Special Administrative Region, it can be divided into three stages in general: the breakthrough stage, the comprehensive support stage and the deepening of the reform stage. The first is a single breakthrough stage (1982 ~ 1989). At this stage, we mainly take measures according to different periods, different ownership enterprises and different types of employment, starting from the single reform and gradually expanding supporting facilities; breaking through the old mode of labor insurance under the planned economy of our country’s traditional enterprises, Social co-ordination and the formation of a new mechanism of social solidarity. In combination with such reforms as the labor and wage system, a socialized system of employment and work-related injury insurance has been initially established to promote the economic development in the SEZ. Followed by the comprehensive supporting stage (1990 ~ 1994). In this phase, with the continuous deepening of China’s economic reform, the reform of the new-type social security system in the SAR has entered a period of institutional innovation. It has established a unified pension insurance system, medical insurance system and housing accumulation fund system. It has created a new social security model with organic integration of social pooling and personal self-protection, achieved the unification of rights and obligations, prioritized efficiency and fairness, and initially formed Saving Mechanism of Social Resources and Pre-accumulation Mechanism for Protecting Funds.