一、前言长期以来,人们利用各种不同的水轮机特性曲线来描述水轮机的特性,进行水轮机的选型和指导水轮机的运行。因而研究简单而实用的水轮机特性曲线是很有意义的。目前,用于全面地描述原型水轮机特性的特性曲线是水轮机运转特性曲线。η,H_s=f(H,N)如果一个电站有相同型号的机组多台时,还需画出多台水轮机的总运转特性曲线(又称水电站的联合运转特性曲线)。这些曲线均包括等效率线,等吸出高度线和出力限制线。它们可以完整而直观地描述出水轮机的能量特性。然而描述水轮机汽蚀特 I. Foreword For a long time, people have used various curves of turbine characteristics to describe the characteristics of a turbine, conduct turbine selection and guide turbine operation. Therefore, it is significant to study simple and practical turbine characteristic curves. Currently, the characteristic curve used to fully describe the characteristics of the prototype turbine is the turbine operating characteristic curve. η, H_s = f (H, N) If a plant has multiple units of the same type, it is also necessary to draw the total operating characteristic curve of multiple turbines (also known as the joint operating characteristic curve of the hydropower station). These curves include equal-efficiency lines, equal suction height lines and output limit lines. They provide a complete and intuitive picture of the turbine’s energy characteristics. However, the description of turbine cavitation special