【摘 要】
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The fascinating phenomenon of El Ni(n)o-Southem Oscillation (ENSO) has been a hot topic for decades in both the scientific community and the public domain.In pa
【机 构】
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State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics,Second Institute of Oceanography, China
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The fascinating phenomenon of El Ni(n)o-Southem Oscillation (ENSO) has been a hot topic for decades in both the scientific community and the public domain.In particular,the extreme El Ni(n)o events in 1982-83,1997-98 and 2015-16,with their enormous global impacts,caught the eyes of billions throughout the world and generated huge waves of research interest,one after another.In the aftermath of these events,ENSO became a poster child for climate variability and was often blamed for the occurrences of flood,drought,heatwave,cold surge,forest fire,monsoon failure and their devastating socio-economic consequences.While the public perception of ENSOs influence is somewhat inflated,there is plenty of scientific evidence for ENSOs crucial role in many of these natural disasters.Therefore,understanding and predicting ENSO are of great scientific and practical importance,which makes ENSO one of the most widely studied subjects in the modem history of oceanic and atmospheric sciences.However,despite the tremendous progress being made,serious challenges and uncertainties remain.This Special Topic of NSR attempts to give a timely review on the past and present of ENSO research,and to provide some new perspectives on the future directions to follow.
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