采用光学显微镜， 扫描电子显微镜， 透射电子显微镜， 电子探针Ｘ 射线微区分析仪和定量图像分析仪研究了３００４ 铝合金铸态和均匀化退火态的显微组织以及均匀化退火温度和时间对显微组织的影响。在铸态组织中发现了一种新的富ＭｇＳｉＣｕ 的共晶体。在均匀化退火过程中发生β→α相变和α弥散相的脱溶析出。在试验条件下， 最佳均匀化退火工艺为６１５ ℃，２０ ｈ 。经此工艺处理可获得较均匀的显微组织 The microstructures of as-cast and homogenized annealed alloys of 3004 aluminum alloy and the homogenization annealing temperature and time pairs were studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron probe X-ray microanalyzer and quantitative image analyzer Effect of microstructure. A new MgSiCu rich eutectic was found in as-cast microstructure. During the homogenization annealing, the β → α phase transformation and the precipitation of the α-dispersed phase occur. Under the experimental conditions, the best homogenization annealing process is 615 ℃, 20 h. After this process can be more uniform microstructure