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目的：探讨Ｐ５３基因突变在胃癌发生中的地位和Ｐ５３基因突变的好发位点，并探索用活检胃粘膜组织进行Ｐ５３基因突变检测的临床价值。方法：采用ＰＣＲ结合酶解分析技术研究活检胃粘膜组织中Ｐ５３基因的１７５、２４５、２４８和２４９等４个位点的突变。共检查３９例胃癌，１４例不典型增生和１２例肠化生。结果：胃癌的Ｐ５３基因点突变率为３０．８％，重度不典型增生的Ｐ５３基因点突变率为２５％，突变位点多见于１７５和２４８密码子。结论：Ｐ５３基因突变在部分胃癌的发生中起着较重要的作用；对胃活检组织Ｐ５３基因突变的检测有助于诊断早期胃癌和筛选高危患者
Objective: To investigate the role of P53 gene mutation in gastric carcinogenesis and the location of P53 gene mutation, and to explore the clinical value of biopsy of gastric mucosa for P53 gene mutation detection. Methods: The mutations of 175, 245, 248 and 249 of P53 gene in biopsy gastric mucosa were studied by PCR and enzymatic analysis. A total of 39 cases of gastric cancer, 14 cases of atypical hyperplasia and 12 cases of intestinal metaplasia were examined. Results: The point mutation rate of P53 gene in gastric cancer was 30.8%, and the point mutation rate of P53 gene in severe dysplasia was 25%. The mutation sites were more common in 175 and 248 codons. Conclusion: P53 gene mutation plays an important role in the occurrence of some gastric cancers; detection of P53 gene mutations in gastric biopsy is helpful in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer and screening of high-risk patients.