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目的探讨某煤炭集团尘肺病的发病规律,综合防尘效果及预防措施。方法运用时间断面研究方法对某集团尘肺病危害情况进行分析。结果自1953~2007年,该集团共诊断尘肺病12 408例,死亡5978例,现存6430例;大部分是上世纪80年代前的接尘人员;平均检出率10.8%,在职职工的检出率为8.0%,退休职工检出率是15.4%;平均发病工龄19.2 a,I期尘肺平均发病工龄20.4 a;0+(疑似尘肺)→Ⅰ平均晋期年限为6.0 a,且81.2%0+患者进展为Ⅰ期尘肺;尘肺患者15年内累计存活概率为0.36。结论该煤炭集团控制粉尘危害及预防尘肺方面是有成效的,企业在进行职业健康监护时,要重视在职职工,还要对退休职工进行医学随访,对0+患者检查制定科学的监护期限。
Objective To investigate the incidence of pneumoconiosis in a coal group and to synthesize the results of dust prevention and preventive measures. Methods Using time cross-sectional method to analyze the risk of pneumoconiosis in a certain group. Results From 1953 to 2007, the group diagnosed 12 408 pneumoconiosis patients with 5978 deaths and 6430 survivors. Most of them were dust collectors before the 1980s. The average detection rate was 10.8%. The detection of serving workers The rate of retired workers was 15.4%; the average length of service was 19.2 years; the average length of service for stage I pneumoconiosis was 20.4 years; 0+ (suspected pneumoconiosis) → Ⅰ average age was 6.0 years, and 81.2% 0 + The patient progressed to Stage I pneumoconiosis; the cumulative probability of pneumoconiosis within 15 years was 0.36. Conclusion The Coal Group is effective in controlling dust hazards and preventing pneumoconiosis. Enterprises should attach importance to working staff when carrying out occupational health monitoring and also conduct medical follow-up of retired workers to formulate a scientific supervision period for 0+ patients.