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印度尼西亚政党制度的变革印度尼西亚独立以来的政党制度发展经历了四个阶段,即“自由民主”阶段(1950～1959年)、“有领导的民主”阶段(1960～1965年)、“新秩序”阶段(1965～1997年)和1997年以来的阶段。在1959年以前的自由民主阶段,印度尼西亚实行西方式的多党制,政党发展迅速。在这一时期,印度尼西亚政党数量最多时曾达到46个。多元政治及政党的开放虽然给印度尼西亚人民提供了参政的机会,但却带来对领导中心的挑战,因
The Reform of the Political Party System in Indonesia The development of the political party system in Indonesia since its independence has gone through four stages: the stage of “freedom and democracy” (1950-1959), the stage of “leading democracy” (1960-1965) “New Order” stage (1965 ~ 1997) and the stage since 1997. In the stage of liberal democracy before 1959, Indonesia adopted a western-style multi-party system and its political parties developed rapidly. During this period, the number of Indonesian political parties reached 46 at the most. Pluralistic politics and the opening up of political parties, while giving the Indonesian people the opportunity to participate in the political affairs, have posed a challenge to the leadership center because