毛主席把我国农业生产的发展,总結为“土、肥、水、种、密、保、工、管”农业八字宪法。概括地揭示了农业战綫上改造自然夺取丰收的客观規律,更进一步地推动了我国农业生产的发展。关于八字宪法的辯証关系,学术界已有很多論述。本文仅就农业生产中辯証地掌握土、肥、水措施,借以提高产量的問題,試加討論。 * * * 栽培植物的生长发育,直接和土壤肥力情况及大气因素发生联系。同样是栽培植物,它們的生长发育規律也不一致。牧草和果木定植后,生长期相对較长,植物在土壤中經多年的定居,根系深入土层,可以在更深的土壤中,吸取水分和养分。因此,虽然也要求培肥及灌溉;但这些植物的缺肥缺水的現象,相对較輕。而粮食作物大多为一年 Chairman Mao summarized the development of agricultural production in China as “the constitution of the character of agriculture, soil, fertilizer, water, seed, security, engineering and management.” The objective law of transforming agriculture naturally to seize good harvest on the agricultural front has been revealed in a general way, further promoting the development of agricultural production in our country. There have been many discussions in academia about the dialectical relationship between the eight-character constitution. This article only dialectically grasps the soil, fertilizer and water measures in the agricultural production, in order to raise the output question, tries to add the discussion. * * * The growth of cultivated plants directly correlates with soil fertility and atmospheric factors. The same is cultivated plants, their growth and development of the law is inconsistent. Forage grass and fruit trees after planting, the relatively long period of growth, plants in the soil after many years of settlement, roots deep into the soil, can be deeper in the soil, to absorb water and nutrients. Therefore, although fertilizers and irrigation are also required, the lack of water and water in these plants is relatively light. Most of the food crops for one year